ROSE GROWING IK WINTER. 171 



cow manure or bone dust, in an unshaded position. For 

 the dry climate of the United States, a class of Roses 

 should be grown very different from those grown in Eng- 

 land. There the "Remontants," or "Hybrid Perpet- 

 uals," in the humid atmosphere that prevails, with few 

 exceptions, flower nearly as freely as the "Monthly" 

 Roses do here ; but with us, experience has shown that, 

 after the first bloom in June, no full crop of flowers is 

 again obtained, unless with the comparatively new class 

 known as the Hybrid Teas, of which La France (rose 

 color), Duchess of Edinburgh (crimson), The Puritan 

 (white), American Beauty (carmine), and the new variety 

 introduced in 1887 known as Dinsmore (scarlet crimson), 

 are types ; so that, when a continued bloom of Roses of 

 all colors is desired during the entire summer and fall 

 months, the class known as monthly (embracing Tea, 

 Bourbon, Bengal, Noisette, and Hybrid Tea), are the 

 best. True, these varieties, except the Hybrid Teas, 

 are not usually hardy, unless in that portion of the 

 country where the thermometer never gets twenty degrees 

 below the freezing point ; but they can be saved through 

 the winter in almost any section, if pegged down and 

 covered up with five or six inches of leaves or rough 

 litter. This covering, however, should not be done until 

 quite hard frost comes ; in the locality of New York, 

 about the first week in December. If done sooner, there 

 is danger, if the season is mild (as it usually is here until 

 December 1st), that the shoots may be smothered and 

 rotted by a too early covering. This same rule we adopt 

 in covering Grape-vines, Clematis, Raspberries, Straw- 

 berries, or, in fact, any other plant or shrub that is 

 believed to be benefited by winter protection, as I have 

 never yet seen injury done to half-hardy plants by frost 

 previous to that date. In this matter of covering, the 

 inexperienced in gardening often errs ; first, from his 

 anxiety to protect his plants before there is danger in 



