FRUIT GARDEN. 37 



same preparatory operations, are necessary ; but a simple 

 hedge will, in most situations, suffice for a fence. The 

 trees may here be on free stocks and trained as high stan- 

 dards, and the taller growing pears and apples are best 

 suited for a large orchard. Thoresby, in his Diary under 

 date of March 1702, mentions as a novelty, an orchard, 

 " kept in the new order of dwarf trees," evidently intima- 

 ting that dwarf standards were introduced from Holland by 

 the Prince of Orange at the time of the revolution. When 

 an additional supply of culinary vegetables is required, 

 they may be cultivated in the orchard ; and then the trees 

 should be planted in rows, with considerable intervals be- 

 tween the rows, otherwise the close quincunx order is pre- 

 ferable. In any circumstances, the trees should npt be 

 choked up with currant and gooseberry bushes, as is too 

 common in market gardens. A few plums and cherries 

 are commonly introduced; and on the margin may be 

 planted walnuts, chestnuts, filberts, and any others less 

 commonly cultivated, or the fruit of which is not much in 

 demand. The whole should be effectually screened from 

 the prevailing winds, by rows of forest trees ; at a suffi- 

 cient distance, however, to prevent shading by their branch- 

 es, or the robbing of the soil by their roots. 



FRUIT GARDEN. 



We shall first direct our attention to the culture of 

 hardy fruits, or of such as, in the climate of England, and 

 the United States, do not to an extensive degree, require 

 the assistance of artificial heat. But before proceeding to 

 a minute detail of the management of the different varie- 

 ties, it may be proper to attend to some of the operations 

 which are common to all. 



