48 FRUIT GARDEN. 



is then inserted into the cleft of the cion, and so adjusted 

 that the inner bark may unite neatly and exactly on one 

 side. The junction is then tied up and covered with clay. 

 Several other methods may be mentioned, such as cleft- 

 grafting, c, d, e, in which the cion is sloped at the base, 

 and inserted like a wedge into a cleft in the stock. Side- 

 grafting, (Fig. 2),/, g) which resembles whip-grafting, but 

 is performed on the side of the stock without heading it 

 down. Crown-grafting, in which the cions, m, p, are in- 

 serted between the bark and the wood of the stock. Graft- 

 ing by approach, or inarching, resembling the whip-graft- 

 ing, but the cion h remains attached to the parent plant, 

 till its union at k and I with the new stock i be complete ; 

 when that portion of the stock above the union may be 

 headed down, and the cion at the same time detached from 

 the parent plant. 



It is evident that the method of performing the opera- 

 tion may be diversified to a great extent. The late M. 

 Thouin, of Paris, described, in the Annales du Museum, 

 nearly fifty greffes but little practical utility results from 

 such nice distinctions. It is of great importance that the 

 horticulturist should be expert in the manipulation of the 

 more common forms, such as those above enumerated. An 

 extensive fruit garden requires a frequent repetition of the 

 operation, in order to secure proper kinds, and productive 

 branches. At Dalkeith Park, the late Mr. Macdonald, the 

 excellent head-gardener there, was in the practice of annual- 

 ly inserting, on his established trees, numerous grafts, and 

 by this means was enabled to overcome the disadvantages 

 of a somewhat unfavorable situation, especially in regard 

 to subsoil, and to obtain abundant crops of large and beau- 

 tiful fruit. 



Root-grafting is performed in the modes just described, 



