124 FRUIT GARDEN. 



tain, climate makes an important difference in the culture 

 and ripening of pears, of which a remarkable and extreme 

 example may be seen in the Ghauinontelle a fruit which 

 is produced abundantly and ripened on standards in the 

 south-west of England, and even in the environs of London, 

 while it requires a south wall near Edinburgh. 



1. EARLY. 



Citron des Carmes, L. Hort. Cat., 190; Madeleine, 

 Lind., p. 344; in Scotland often called the Premature. 

 This is the earliest pear ; it ripens in July, acquiring a 

 yellowish-green color; it is sweet, but without much flavor. 

 One tree, or at most two trees, may suffice. Tt requires 

 in the English climate a sheltered situation. 



The Green Chisel, called also the Hastings, Pear James, 

 or Green Sugar. This is not a first-rate pear ; but the 

 tree is hardy and a great bearer. It ripens in August. 



The Summer Rose. A handsome round pear, of a rus- 

 sety-red color, much resembling an apple, flesh white, rich 

 and sugary. This is an excellent variety, succeeds on a 

 standard, and ripens in August. 



The Bishop's Thumb is a hardy orchard pear of good 

 quality, and the tree is a free bearer. The fruit consider- 

 ably resembles the muirfowl egg, but is earlier. 



The Jargonelle of Britain is the Grosse Cuisse Madame 

 of French horticultural writers, and the Epargne and Bau- 

 present of French practical gardeners. This is the most 

 common and most esteemed of our early autumn pears. 

 Against a wall the fruit attains a large size and a beau- 

 tiful appearance ; but it is not of so high a flavor as from 

 standards or espalier rails. The fruit does not keep well, 

 and the tree should therefore be planted in various situa- 

 tions to prolong its season, as it is rather difficult, .when 



