THE TURNIP. 185 



successive plantings. The setting-out must be in beds 

 about four feet apart, each bed or hill being raised nearly 

 a foot above the common level of the ground. Some make 

 continuous banks four feet apart, and plant the sprouts on 

 the top about a foot asunder. After planting, they have 

 to be kept clean of weeds until the vines cover the ground 

 and prevent further working. A shovelful of some good 

 rotten manure, street dirt, or light compost, should be put 

 into each hill previous to putting out the sets. 



JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE (Helianthus tuberosus) or tuber- 

 ous-rooted sunflower. This plant, which is a native of 

 Brazil, derives its epithet Jerusalem from a corruption of 

 the Italian Girasole, sunflower, and Artichoke, from the 

 resemblance, in flavor, which its tubers bear to the floral 

 receptacles or bottoms of the artichoke. It is propagated 

 by means of its tubers in the manner of potatoes. In 

 March they are planted out in rows three or four feet asunder, 

 and in autumn the new tubers are fit for use. For the 

 sake of convenience, it is advantageous to store them, 

 though the roots are hardy enough to bear the winter 

 frosts. Some, indeed, allow them to remain in the ground, 

 and dig them up when required. In this way a sufficient 

 number of sets are generally left in the ground, and the 

 stalks are thinned into rows in summer ; but this is a 

 slovenly mode of treatment, and seldom produces well- 

 flavored crops. 



The TURNIP (Brassica Rapa), like the potato, has, to a 

 great extent, migrated into the fields, and become the care 

 of the husbandman more than of the gardener. The fol- 

 lowing are the most esteemed garden sorts in England : 



