SOIL AND SITUATION. 18 



to market from the orchard, or whether apples and pears 

 are to be stored for winter use, or whether the fruit is to 

 be grown for a factory. In each case different soils and 

 situations might be selected. All these matters should re- 

 ceive careful consideration, and the ultimate object should 

 be kept steadily in view in order to start right. Upon 

 this point science is of the utmost value to cultivators. 

 A correct analysis of the character and constituent parts 

 of each particular variety of fruit indicates the nature of 

 the soil required to sustain it ; and, on the other hand, an 

 analysis of the soil shows what kind of tree will thrive 

 best upon it in its natural condition, and will also be found 

 of the greatest assistance in applying manures, enabling 

 the cultivator to supply the ingredients that may be de- 

 ficient in the soil. 



We will now glance at the particular soils that seem 

 best suited to each kind of fruit, in order that the planter 

 may be able to judge as to what soil would best answer 

 his purpose, or if he already possesses soil, as to what 

 fruits would be most suitable for him to grow. 



APPLES. A light or heavy loam, subsoil clay ; or chalk 

 if there is 3 or 4 ft. of soil overlying it. They should 

 not be planted upon low or wet situations or too near to 

 rivers or large bodies of water, neither on high and ex- 

 posed situations. 



PEARS. On pear stock, light loam, subsoil gravel ; on 

 quince stock, light to heavy loam, subsoil clay. 



PLUMS. Light aandy loam, subsoil light clay or gravel ; 

 or they will do well upon a chalk subsoil if there is a 

 good depth of strong loamy soil upon the surface. 



CHERRIES. Good loam, overlying chalk, 



FILBERTS and OoflSi A good porous loam; and they will 



