CONSTRUCTION OF WALLS AND FENCES. 115 



garden, or may be used as a division between the orna- 

 mental and kitchen garden. The fences themselves are 

 usually formed of galvanized iron posts, with wires 

 stretched between. They require at each end a strong 

 post made of angle iron, with anchor feet and stays, to 

 bear the strain of tightening the wire. The intermediate 

 posts need only be flat iron with anchor feet. For the 

 ordinary horizontal form of training, five to six feet in 

 height Avill be sufficient, but if made high enough say 

 from seven to nine feet these fences are very good for 

 training cordons upon. Gooseberries may also be trained 

 upon low espalier fences of three to four feet in height, 

 and when trained as double cordons, or as palmettes with 

 three to five branches, they produce the finest possible 

 fruit ; and this mode is strongly recommended for growing 

 the choice dessert varieties. 



Wire Arches. These may sometimes be suitably intro- 

 duced into the kitchen garden, spanning some of the 

 paths, as at / I in Fig. 31. They occupy but little ground 

 space, and afford excellent means for the training of 

 cordons. They give a pleasant shade to the path, the 

 trees are well supported, and the fruit spread out to the 

 full effect of the sun, and in some respects they are 

 better for training the cordon trees upon than ordinary 

 espaliers. The tui'n at the top gives the gentle check to 

 the upright flow of sap so desirable and advantageous for 

 securing fine fruit at the base of the tree. The frontis- 

 piece illustrates this mode of training. A. garden in this 

 neighbourhood has one of these arches 350 feet in length, 

 spanning the central road through the large kitchen 

 garden, and being fifteen feet wide and of the same 

 height, it forms a magnificent avenue. 



Wooden Fences. It sometimes happens that wooden 



