FKUNIXG AND GENERAL CULTIVATION. 125 



than for high ones. Cordon apples, pears, and plums for 

 oblique training, one foot nine inches to two feet. For 

 upright training, one foot six inches to one foot nine inches. 



Espalier Fences. Pears or apples horizontal-trained, 

 twelve feet to eighteen feet. Cordons, the same as for 

 walls. 



Wire Arches. Cordon-trained apples, pears, or plums, 

 two feet. 



Pyramids. Apples, pears, plums, or cherries, eight feet 

 to twelve feet apart, and five feet to six feet from the 

 paths. 



Bush Fruits, Gooseberries. The rows five feet to six feet 

 apart, and four feet from plant to plant in the row. 



Black and Red Currants. Rows five feet apart, four feet 

 from plant to plant in the row. Raspberries. Rows six 

 feet to eight feet apart, and one foot from plant to plant, 

 or they may be planted in clumps of three plants to- 

 gether, six feet by four feet. Strawberries. Two feet six 

 inches to three feet from row to row, and one foot six 

 inches from plant to plant in the row. 



CHAPTER XV. 

 PRUNING, TRAINING, AND GENERAL CULTIVATION. 



Peaches, Apricots, and Nectarines. 



Pruning. The trees, when received from a nursery, 

 would be from three to five years old, and should be 

 healthy and full grown trees with seven to eleven 

 branches. The first pruning should be done just before 

 the sap rises in spring, and should consist of cutting 

 back all the shoots from half to two-thirds of the last 



