150 



FRUIT CULTURE. 



suitable apparatus to apply the liquid in a fine spray. 

 Both these obstacles having now been surmounted, we 

 are again using the poisons with much more confidence. 



We have also ourselves used for many years for the 

 winter moth, and many other insect pests, washings com- 

 posed of quassia and soft soap prepared in the following 

 manner : Boil 4 oz. of quassia chips in one gallon of 

 water for about an hour, then add 2 oz. of soft soap; stir 

 till dissolved, and strain off. When using, add one gallon 

 of this mixture to two gallons of water. Apply to the 

 foliage with any appliance that will throw a fine spray. 



Another composition may 

 be made of quassia and 

 soft soap as above, to which 

 add half a pint of paraffin, 

 or paraffin emulsion. In 

 using, add one gallon of the 

 mixture to three gallons of 

 water, and stir well in using. 



APPARATUS FOR SPRAYING. 



As the proper application 

 of the insecticides is of so 

 much importance, I may 

 mention two or thi-ee appli- 

 ances used for that purpose. 



A compact and handy apparatus in the form of a knap- 

 sack pump, is called "Eclair" (Fig. 27), which may be 

 obtained of Messrs. C. Clarke & Co., Windsor Chambers, 

 Gt. St. Helen's, E.C. This is admirably adapted for use 

 amongst small trees, and the constant movement of the 

 operator keeps the liquid moving, and consequently to an 

 even strength. 



FIG. 36. 

 ECLAIR" KNAPSACK PUMP. 



