154 FRUIT CULTURE. 



females should be employed as in tlie case of the winter 

 moth, applying the bands in October and November. 

 Between that time and June gas-lime may be applied to 

 the soil to kill the pupa?. 



TIIE SCARCE UMIIEE (Hylernia avrantiaria), Fig. 40, 

 does considerable damage to the apple and other fruit 

 trees. The male measures Hin. to If in. across the wings, 

 which are of a dull orange dusted with brown, and hav- 

 ing a broad curved brown transverse band near the apex, 

 and a straight one near the base. Hind wings pale orange 

 on yellow, with a much curved line running across the 

 middle. The female has short, narrow, functionless 

 wings. The body is stout, and contains a large number 

 of eggs, which she deposits all over the tree during the 

 months of October and November. The caterpillars are 

 greyish-brown, spotted with orange, and being loopers, like 

 those of the last named, have only ten legs. They are 

 hatched out during May and June, when they feed upon 

 the young leaves. When full grown, they bury them- 

 selves in the ground, appearing in the perfect in autumn. 

 See illustration. 



REMEDIES. These are practically the same as in the 

 case of the Mottled Umber. For the destruction of the 

 pupae in the soil, gas-lime may be applied to the latter 

 in July, August, or September, forking in lightly. 



THE SMALL BRINDLED BEAUTY (Nyssia hispidaria). Fig. 

 41. The fore wings of the male are dark greenish-brown, 

 with a pale grey wavy streak crossing them near the 

 apical end. The hind wings are pale greenish-brown 

 with a dark line round the outer margin. The female 

 is stout-bodied and hairy, with hairy legs, by which it 

 may be distinguished 'from others of the same group. 

 The caterpillar is a looper, large compared with those 



