INSECT PESTS AND DISEASES. 171 



labour of cleaning. Burn all the prunings. After scrap- 

 ing, wash the trees with a solution of soft soap or 

 Gishursfc compound, using a syringe, with a hard brush 

 in places, so as to scrub into the crevices of the bark. 

 Paraffin may be used with care, rubbing the parts affected 

 with a half-worn painter's brush, just kept moistened in 

 the oil. It may also be attacked when the young larvae are 

 just issuing from under the mother scale, in May or June, 



FIG. 50.- -CiADOSPORiUM ON APPLE. 



The trees may then be syringed with strong soap-suds. 

 Tobacco-water or lime-water may also be applied in the 

 same way. An effective remedy consists in brushing the 

 affected trees with a mixture of two pounds of soft soap 

 to one of flowers of sulphur in fourteen gallons of Avater. 



FUNGOID ENEMIES. 



BLACK SPOT (Cladosporium dendriticum) , Fig. 50. The 

 typical form of this fungus grows on the apple, but a form 

 or variety of it attacks the pear, causing the fruits to 



