INSECT PESTS AND DISEASES. 187 



on the other segments, and have six legs and fourteen 

 prolegs. When full fed they bury themselves in the 

 ground and change to pupae, attaining the perfect state 

 in about three weeks, except the late broods, which hiber- 

 nate in the soil. 



REMEDIES. Caustic lime or gas-lime may be lightly 

 pointed into the soil around the bushes in winter to 

 destroy the pupae. Much mischief would also be prevented 

 if the bushes are examined, so as to detect the first 

 appearance of the caterpillars, and the leaves removed 

 with the larva? on them, and burnt or buried in a hole 

 along Avith quicklime to destroy them. The bushes may 

 also be syringed, while the larvce are quite young, with 

 tobacco-water, or dusted with flowers of sulphur, pre- 

 viously syringing the bushes with water, if necessary, 

 to make the sulphur adhere. 



THE GOOSEBERRY MOTH (Abraxas grossulariata). The 

 caterpillar of this moth may be recognised by its having 

 only ten feet in all, and by forming a loop when walking. 

 They are creamy yellow, with a black head, and orange 

 markings. They appear in September, and feed on the 

 bushes for a time, till the leaves fall, amongst which they 

 conceal themselves, or they shelter in i-olled leaves which 

 they suspend by means of a thread, and remain there till 

 spring, when they feed upon the young leaves as they 

 unfold, and pass into the pupa state towards the end of 

 May, or the beginning of June, and attain the perfect 

 state about midsummer, laying their eggs soon after. 

 They are beautifully spotted with black and orange, on a 

 white ground. 



REMEDIES. As soon as the leaves have fallen in autumn, 

 carefully sweep them up from beneath the bushes that 

 were affected, together with those suspended by threads, 



