KEY To PLATE XVI 



FIG. 71. Note the straw mulch over the surface of the 

 soil. The wire screen around the trunk protects 

 the tree from rabbits and other animals that eat the 

 bark during the months of snow. The ropes are 

 holding the limbs in the proper position so that the 

 tree will form an open head. The shingle holding 

 the limbs apart is another method of separating 

 them. Pieces of rubber are placed about the limbs 

 to prevent the rope or shingle from scraping the 

 bark. 



FIG. 72. A very bad crotch. The limbs should alter- 

 nate so that no two would be opposite. Note the 

 tag attached with a wire. If it is not removed it 

 will girdle the limb. 



FIG. 73. When this tree was planted the roots were 

 jammed into the hole which was too small. The tip 

 of the root came to the surface and then took a 

 downward course. The photograph was taken 

 when the tree was seven years old. 



FIG. 74. A fine root system. Note the bend in the 

 trunk. This is where the graft was inserted. 

 Plant so that the surface of the ground covers about 

 two inches above where the bend starts. 



