Viii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 



PAGE 



Icterine Warbler (Hypolais ictcrina), bill 352 



Icterine Warbler, Melodious Warbler (H. polyglot (a) and Olivaceous 



Warbler (H. p. elceica), showing difference in wing-formula ... 354 



PLATE 13. 1, Whitethroat (Sylvia c. communis) ? adult. 2, Lesser 

 Whitethroat (S. c curruca) ? adult. 3, male adult, 4, female 

 adult Riippell's Warbler (S ruppelli). 5, c? adult 6, ? 1st 

 winter Sardinian Warbler (S. m. melanocephala). 7, ^ adult, 

 8, ? juv. Subalpino Warbler (S. c. canlittans). 9, <J adult, 10, 



juvenile Dartford Warbler (S. u. dartfordiensis) facing 376 



Rufous Warbler (.4 grobates g. galactotes), tail ... 386 



PLATE 14. 1, White's Thrush (Turdus d. aureus). 2, <J adult 

 Fieldfare (T. pilaris). 3, British Song-Thrush (T. ph. clarkei). 



4, Hebridean Song-Thrush (T. ph. hebridcnsis). 5, <$ adult 

 summer, 6, Juvenile, Rock-Thrush (Monticola saxalilis) ... facing 392 



Redwing (Turdus musicus), head ... ... 404 



Dusky Thrush (Turdus eunomus), head... ... ... ... ... 407 



Black-throated Thrush (Turdus r. atrogularis), head 410 



PLATE 15. 1, Juvenile Mistle-Thrush (Turdus v. viscivoruv). 2, 

 Juvenile British Song-Thrush (T. ph. clarkei). 3, Juvenile Ring- 

 Ouzel (T. t. lorguatus). 4, Juvenile $ Blackbird (T. m. merula). 



5, Juvenile British Dipper (Cinclus c. britannicw). A, Inner 

 greater covert of juvenile Redwing (T. musicus}. B, Under tail- 

 coverts of Ring-Ouzel and Alpine Ring-Ouzel facing 414 



Wheatear ((Enanthe ce. cenanlhe), tail ... ... ... ... ... 426 



Western Desert-Wheatear (CE. d. homochroa), tail 432 



Western Black-eared Wheatear (CE. h. hispanica), tail 435 



Western and Eastern Black-eared Wheatears, heads ... ... ... 439 



Pied Wheatear (CE. p. plexchanka), adult male, summer, head ... 441 



Isabelline Wheatear (CE. isabellina) and Greenland Wheatear (CE. as. 



leucorrhoa), bills ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 444 



Black Wheatear (CE. 1. leucura) and North African Black Wheatear 



(CE. I. syenitica), tails 446 



British Stonechat (Saxicola t. hibernans) and Whinchat (S. r. rubelra), 



adult females, heads ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 450 



PLATE 16. Juveniles of 1, The Wheatear ((Enanthe OR. oenanthe). 



2, The Whinchat (S. r. rubetra). 3, The British Stonechat (Saxicola 



t. hibernans). 4, The Redstart (Phcenicurus ph. phcenicurus). 5, 



The Nightingale (Luscinia m. megarhyncha). 6, The British 



Robin (Erithacus r. melophilw) ... ... facing 452 



British Stonechat (S. t. hibernans'], adult male, summer, head ... 454 



Redstart (Ph. ph. phoenicurus), winter and summer, heads ... ... 459 



Black Redstart (Ph. o. gibr altar ie.nsis), adult male, wing ... ... 464 



Nightingale (Luscinia m. megarhyncha) and Thrush-Nightingale (L. 



luscinia), showing differences in wing-formula ... ... ... 468 



Norwegian Bluethroat (Luscinia s. gaelkei), female winter, head ... 473 

 Norwegian and Lapland Bluethroat (L. s. svecica-), showing longer 



" wing-tip " in former than in latter ... ... ... ... ... 475 



Alpine Accentor (Prunella c. collaris), head ... ... ... ... 485 



Continental Hedge-Sparrow (P. m. modularis) and British Hedge- 



Sparrow (P. m. occidentalis), showing difference in wing-formula 488 



British Hedge-Sparrow, wing and bill ... ... ... ... ... 489 



PLATE 17. 1, The Wren (Troglodytes t. troglodytes). 2, The 



St. Kilda Wren (T. t. hirtensis). 3, The Shetland Wren (T. t. 



zef.landicus). 4, The Black-bellied Dipper (Cinclus c. cinclus). 



5, The British Dipper (C. c. bri(annicus). 6, The Irish Dipper 



(C. C. hibernicus) ... ... ... ... ... ... facing 496 



Swallow (Hirundo r. ruftica), adult and juvenile, tails and foot ... ... 503 



Red-rumped Swallow (H. d. rufula), tail 507 



Martin (Delichon u. urbica), tail and foot ... ... ... ... 510 



The Sand-Martin (Riparia r. ripan'a), head and foot 513 



