LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS IN VOLUME I. 



PAGE 



Method of measuring wing, tail, tarsus and bill ... ... *xm & *xiv 



Topography of the nestling ... ... ... ... ... ... *xiv 



Bill showing gonys. Topography of the underwing ... ... ... *xv 



Topography of a bird ... ... ... .. ... *xvi 



Gannet (Sula bassana), foot ... ... ... ... ... ... 1 



Fulmar Petrel (Fulmarus glacialis) and Manx Shearwater (Pufflnus 



puffinus), showing tubular nostrils ... ... ... ... ... 1 



Wigeon (Anas penelope), showing lamellated cutting-edges of bill ... 2 

 Great Crested Grebe (Podiceps cristatus). Red-throated Diver (Colymhus 



stellatus) and Black Guillemot (Uria grylle), feet 2 



Black-headed Gull (Larus ridibundus), foot ... ... ... ... 2 



Common Heron (A rdea cinerea) bill showing bare loral region ... ... 3 



Lapwing (Vanellus vanellus), Grey Plover (Squatarola squatarola) and 



Common Snipe (d'allinago gallinago), rudimentary 1st primaries ... 3 



Wood-Pigeon (Columba palumbus), bill showing nostrils ... ... 3 



Barn-Owl (Tyto alba) and Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus), heads 4 



Pallas's Sand-Grouse (Syrrhaptes paradoxus), foot ... ... ... 4 



Green Woodpecker (Picus viridis), foot ... ... ... ... 4 



Hoopoe (Upupa epops), head ... ... ... ... ... ... 4 



Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus), Nightjar (Caprimulgus europceus), and 



Swift (Apus apus), feet ... ... ... ... ... ... 5 



Bee-Eater (Merops apiaster), tail ... ... ... ... ... 5 



Raven (Corvus corax), foot ... ... ... ... ... ... 5 



Roller (Coracias garrnlus) and Kingfisher (Alcedo ispida), bills ... ... 5 



Raven (Corvus c. corax) and Carrion-Crow (C . c. corone), bills ... ... 9 



Raven, Carrion-Crow and Rook (C. frugilegus), feathers from throat ... 13 



Carrion-Crow and Rook, wing-formula ... ... ... ... ... 16 



PLATE 1. Rooks' Heads. Fig. 1, Juvenile, Fig. 2, Juvenile 

 Moulting. Fig. 3, First Winter. Figs. 4-7, Moult of First 

 Summer. Figs. 8-13, Adults. Fig. 8, Autumn moult. Fig. 9, 

 Moult just complete. Figs. 10-13, To show gradual wear of 



" down," during winter and spring ... ... ... facing 16 



Jackdaw (Colceus m. spermologus), head... ... ... ... ... 19 



Thick-billed Nutcracker (Nucifraga c. caryocatactes) , Slender-billed 



Nutcracker (N . c. macrorhynchus), heads ... ... ... ... 26 



British Jay (Garrulus g. rufitergum), wing ... ... ... ... 28 



Chough (Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax) , head ... ... ... ... 31 



Starling (Sturnus v. vulgaris), throat-feathers of <J adult and first winter 35 



Rose-coloured Starling (Pastor roseus), head ... ... ... ... 37 



Hawfinch (Coccothraustes c. coccothraustes), bill and 6th (curled) primary 44 



Greenfinch (Chloris c. chloris), head and tail ... ... ... ... 47 



PLATE 2.- Juvenile plumages of 1, Lesser Redpoll (Carduelis I. 



cabaret). 2, Siskin (Carduelis spinus). 3, Hawfinch (Coccothraustes 48 



c. coccothraustes}. 4, British Goldfinch (Carduelis c. britannica). 



5, Greenfinch (Chloris ch. chloris) ... ... ... ... facing 48 



Goldfinch (Carduelis Carduelis), head ... ... ... ... ... 52 



Siskin (C. spinus), head and wing ... ... ... ... ... 54 



PLATE 3. 1, Lesser Redpoll (C. I. cabaret). 2, Mealy Redpoll (C. I. 

 linaria). 3, Greenland Redpoll (C. I. rostrata). 4, Coues's Redpoll 



(C. h. exilipes). 5, Hornemann's Redpoll (G. h. hornemanni) facing 64 



Citril Finch (C. c, citrinella), <$ adult 67 



