THE GREENFINCH. 47 



DISTRIBUTION. Abroad. Europe generally to islands in Mediter- 

 ranean, exact limits eastwards uncertain. Replaced by allied 

 forms in north-west Africa, Turkestan, India, and east Asia. 



Genus CHLORIS Cuv. 



CHLORIS Cuvier, Lemons d'Anat. Comp. Tab., n, Ois. (1800 Latin name 

 for " Le Verdier," which, from Cuvier's other writings, we know to be the 

 Greenfinch, and which is type of genus). 



Bill short and conical, about as high as wide at base and 

 only 2-3 mm. longer. Culmen and cutting-edges straight, tip of 

 beak pointed. Wings long, first three obvious primaries about 

 equal and longest. Tail moderate, distinctly emarginated. Europe, 

 north-west Africa, northern Asia, China, and Japan south to 

 Bonin Islands. 



CHLORIS CHLORIS 



17. Chloris chloris chloris (L.) THE GREENFINCH. 



LOXIA CHLORIS Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. x, i, p. 174 (1758 Europe. 

 Restricted typical locality : Sweden). 



Coccolhraustes chloris (Linnaeus), Yarrell, n, p. 105. Ligurinus chlorit 

 (Linnaeus), Saunders, p. 169. 



Greenfinch (Chlorit c. chlorit) c? adult. 



DESCRIPTION. Adult male. Winter. Crown, nape, mantle, and 

 back dark greyish-brown, tinged greenish ; lower-back and rump 

 yellowish-green ; upper tail-coverts dark grey, tinged green ; lores 

 blackish-brown ; indistinct brown malar stripe ; ear -coverts, sides 

 of neck and flanks brownish -grey, tinged green ; chin, throat, and 

 breast yellowish-green, tinged grey; belly, axillaries, and under 

 wing-coverts bright greenish-yellow; vent greyish- white ; under 

 tail-coverts pale yellow and grey ; tail-feathers brown-black, 

 fringed grey on distal half and greenish-yellow on proximal, four 

 outer pairs with about proximal half of feathers greenish-yellow ; 

 primaries brown-black, tipped grey and fringed on outer webs 



