THE CONTINENTAL GOLDFINCH. 51 



| Black or slate-groy patch on upper-throat . . 7 

 \ No black patch on upper-throat 8 



f Rump with blackish streaks in adult . . . . C. linaria, pp. 59-64 

 I Bump without blackish streaks in adult . . G. hornemanni, pp. 64-66 



< Rump with red patch G. flavirostria <J ad., p. 56 



( Rump without red patch 9 



I Back rufous, with dark brown longitudinal spots : C. cannobina, p. 68 

 \ Back brown, with blackish longitudinal spots . 10 



1 Throat grey and brown, inner webs of outer tail- 

 feathers with very narrow white edge . . C. citrinella, juv., p. 67 

 Throat rufescent, inner webs of outer tail-feathers 

 with wide white border . . . . C. flavirostria $ and juv., p. 57 



CARDUELIS CARDUELIS 



[Carduelis carduelis carduelis (L.) THE CONTINENTAL 

 GOLDFINCH. 



FKIKGILLA CABDTJELIS Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. x, i, p. 180 (1758 

 Juniper woods of Europe. Restricted typical locality : Sweden). 



DESCRIPTION. Adult mole and female. Like British Goldfinch 

 but of a considerably less deep colour on mantle, back, sides of 

 breast, and flanks ; nuchal spot larger and whiter ; sides of nape 

 and ear-coverts purer white ; crimson of fore-head and throat 

 decidedly deeper and more brilliant. Juvenile. Greyer on upper- 

 parts than that of British Goldfinch. 



DISTRIBUTION. British Isles. " Immigrant " Goldfinches are 

 recorded regularly east coast England end Sept. to early Nov. 

 Until actual specimens have been examined, however, the 

 Continental form cannot be definitely included. 



DISTRIBUTION. Abroad. Europe from about lat. 65 in Norway 

 and 60 in Russia to the Mediterranean. Replaced in Spain and 

 north-west Africa, some Mediterranean islands, and the Atlantic 

 isles as well as in western Asia, by more or less closely-allied forms.] 



1 8. Carduelis carduelis britannica (Hart.) THE BRITISH 

 GOLDFINCH. 



ACAHTHIS CARDUELIS BRiTANNicus Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, I, p. 68 

 (1903 British Isles. Type, Rottingdean) ; id., Brit. B., I, p. 211. 

 Cardudis elegans Stephens, Yarrell, n, p. 117; Saunders, p. 173. 



DESCRIPTION. Adult male and female. Winter. Narrow line 



