78 A PRACTICAL HANDBOOK OF BRITISH BIRDS. 



Genus CARPODACUS Kaup. 



CAKPODACTTS Kaup, Skizz. Entw.-Cesch. und Natiirl. Sjrstem, p. 161 

 (1829 Type by designation of Gray, 1855, Carpodacus erythrinus). 



Bill thick and short, but longer than in Pyrrhula, height 

 about equal to length of upper mandible from nostril to tip. 

 Culmen moderately curved. Wings rather long, first three visible 

 primaries longest. Tail (in the European species) emarginate. 

 Plumage not very soft and rich but somewhat hard, as in 

 Passer. Sexes different. East Europe to Kamtschatka and 

 North America, south to Himalayas, only one in Europe. 



CARPODACUS ERYTHRINUS 



31. Carpodacus erythrinus erythrinus (Pall.) THE SCARLET 

 GROSBEAK. 



LOXIA ERYTHRINA Pallas, Nov. Comm. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb., xiv, 

 p. 587, pi. 23, fig. 1 (1770 S. Russia and Siberia. Restricted typical 

 locality : Volga). 

 Pyrrhula erythrina (Pallas), Yarrell, n, p. 172 ; Saunders, p. 197. 



Scarlet Grosbeak (Carpodacus e. erythrinut). $ autumn. 



DESCRIPTION. Adult male. Winter. Crown, nape, and rump 

 rosy-carmine, usually with some brown of centre of feathers 

 showing ; mantle, scapulars, back, and upper tail-coverts brown, 

 tinged varying amount of carmine ; lores brown ; ear-coverts 

 brown, more or less tinged pink ; chin, throat, and upper-breast 



