108 A PRACTICAL HANDBOOK OF BRITISH BIRDS. 



( Ear-coverts chestnut .... E. castaneiceps $ ad., p. 127 



(Ear-coverts brownish - , . 12 



12 



Middle of abdomen white . . . . E. leucocephala $ and juv., p. 114 

 Middle of abdomen buff or rufescent, tips of median 



coverts whitish E. da ? and juv., p. 125 



Middle of abdomen buff, tips of median coverts buff : 



E. castaneiceps juv., p. 127 



J Ear-coverts uniform cinnamon-rufous E. pusilla, p. 131 



(Ear-coverts not uniform cinnamon-rufous . . .14 



J Belly rufous-buff E. hortulana ? and juv., p. 123 



(Belly whitish 15 



(Bill slender, culmen very slightly curved : 

 E. schceniclus $ and juv., p. 134 

 Bill thick, culmen strongly curved : E. palustris $ and juv., p. 136 



EMBERIZA CALANDRA* 



42. Emberiza calandra calandra L. THE CORN-BUNTING. 



EMBERIZA CALAXDRA Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. x, i, p. 176. (1758 

 " Habitat in Europa." Restricted typical locality : Sweden). 

 Emberiza miliaria Linnaeus, Yarrell, n, p. 38 ; Saunders, p. 207. 



DESCRIPTION. Adult male and female. Winter. Upper-parts 

 yellowish- to greyish-brown streaked black-brown, ruinp and upper 

 tail-coverts with fewer and much 

 finer streaks and latter with 

 whitish tips ; lores and chin 

 uniform buff ; ear-coverts as 

 crown ; indistinct stripe behind 

 eye, base of sides of neck, throat, 

 breast, and flanks buff with trian- 

 gular spots and streaks of black- 

 brown ; centre of breast with few Corn-Bunting ^(Emberiza c. calandra). 



streaks and belly without streaks 



yellowish-buff or buffish-white ; under tail-coverts with pale brown 

 centres ; axillaries pale pinkish- or yellowish-buff ; tail-feathers dark 

 brown with buff tips and fringes (outer pair occasionally with faint 

 indication of wedge-shaped mark on inner webs) ; primaries black- 

 brown inner webs narrowly fringed whitish, outer webs buffish- 

 brown ; secondaries same but with more rufous fringes, especially 

 innermost which have wider fringes and pale tips ; greater and 

 median coverts as inner secondaries ; lesser coverts more greyish- 



* In 1758 Linnaeus named the Corn-Bunting calandra, and we cannot 

 accept his alteration of 1766, when he called it miliaria without 

 explanation. E.H. 



