172 A PRACTICAL HANDBOOK OF BRITISH BIRDS. 



/ Distinct streaks on rump and upper tail- 

 coverts A. cervinus, p. 182 



4-j 



Rump and upper tail-coverts almost uniform 

 I or with only indistinct dark streaks 



A. pratensis, p. 179 



(Upper-parts sandy brown A. campestris, p. 1 74 

 Upper-parts of a warm olivaceous or rufescent 

 brown A. spinoletta, p. 184 



Richard's Pipit (Anthut r. richardi). 



ANTHUS RICHARDI 



68. Anthus richardi richardi Vieill. RICHARD'S PIPIT. 



ANTHTTS RICHAKDI Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., xxvi, 



p. 491 (1818 France). 



Anthua richardi Vieillot, Yarrell, i, p. 598 ; Saunders, p. 139. 



DESCRIPTION. Adult male and 

 female. Winter. Crown, neck, 

 mantle and scapulars brown to 

 buffish-brown, broadly streaked 

 black-brown ; back and rump 

 almost uniform brown; upper 

 tail -co verts same but with 

 rather darker centres ; lores 

 buffish- white ; broad stripes 

 over and behind eyes rather 

 more buff; ear-coverts buffish- 

 brown, streaked dark brown ; 

 chin and upper-throat buffish- 

 white ; lower-throat and upper-breast buff, streaked black-brown, 

 streaks extending up sides of throat in form of moustachial stripes ; 

 lower-breast, belly and under tail-coverts whitish-buff ; flanks 

 deep buff ; axillaries and under wing-coverts smoke-grey edged 

 buff ; tail brown-black, central pair broadly edged brown, outer 

 pair white with inner web fringed brown-black, next pair with 

 shaft and sometimes most of outer web black-brown and less white 

 on inner web ; primaries dark brown narrowly fringed pale brown 

 on outer webs and broadly whitish on basal half of inner webs ; 

 secondaries, primary-, greater and median coverts, black-brown 

 edged and tipped buff ; lesser wing-coverts more uniform buff. 

 This plumage is acquired by complete moult in Aug. -Sept. 

 Summer. The body-plumage, most wing-coverts, innermost 

 secondaries and central pair of tail-feathers (occasionally outer 

 pair also) are moulted March-May but not primary-coverts nor 

 rest of wing- or tail-feathers. N.B. The extent of moult varies 

 individually. The new plumage is like the old. 



Nestling. (Not examined.) 



Juvenile. Feathers of upper- parts including wing-coverts, inner 



