THE GREY-HEADED WAGTAIL. 197 



DESCRIPTION (Plate 7). Adult male. Winter. Resembling that 

 of M . f. flava but either with no eye-stripe or only a very small 

 one, ear-coverts darker and more slate-colour not so brown, crown 

 and mantle darker and more greenish and less brown, spots on 

 upper-breast and sides of throat usually well marked, white on 

 chin much restricted. Summer. Eye-stripe absent or ill defined, 

 crown darker slate-grey, lores and ear-coverts often nearly black 

 with no white markings, mantle and rump darker. 



Adult female. Winter and summer. Upper-parts and ear- 

 coverts distinctly darker than in M . f. flava, and eye-stripe usually 

 less developed. 



Nestling. (Not examined.) 



Juvenile. Like that of M. f. flava. 



First winter. (No authentic specimens examined.) 



First summer. Female. Upper-parts and ear-coverts slightly 

 darker than in M . f. flava. 



Measurements and structure. Like M. f. flava, but some 

 specimens are slightly larger. < wing 79-86 mm., tail 68-78, tarsus 

 23-26, bill from skull 13-16 (12 measured). 



BREEDING-HABITS. Similar to those of Motacilla f. flava, nesting 

 under tussocks in tundra. Nest. Also similar. Eggs. 5-6, 

 sometimes 7. Average of 100, 18.3 x 13.9 mm. Breeding- 

 season. From mid-June onward in Lapland. One brood. 



FOOD. Insects, chiefly diptera (mosquitoes, etc.) in summer. 



DISTRIBUTION. England. One probable, Penzance (Saunders, 

 p. 128). One Yorks., spring, 1901. Possibly a pair bred Romney 

 Marsh, June, 1906. Sussex, two May, 1903, one May, 1904, one 

 May, 1907, one spring, 1869 or 1870, one May, 1909, one April, 

 1912, one, May, 1917. One possibly Dover (Kent), 1889. One 

 Norfolk, May' 1, 1842. Scotland. Pentland Skerries (Orkneys), 

 one May, 1888, and one May, 1889. Fair Isle, " fair numbers " 

 end May and early June and Sept., 1908, spring and autumn, 

 1909 and 1910, Sept. and Oct., 1912, May and June, 1913. Isle 

 of May, one May, 19J3 and one May, 1914. Shetland, one Sept., 

 1914. 



DISTRIBUTION. Abroad. Breeds in north Scandinavia, Russia, 

 and Siberia ; on migration throughout Europe south to north- 

 west and north-east Africa, and doubtless to tropical Africa, 

 as it passes through Sahara in spring, not rare in India, Burma, 

 and Tenasserim. 



80. Motacilla flava cinereocapilla Savi THE ASHY-HEADED 

 WAGTAIL. 



MOTACILLA CINEREOCAPILLA Savi, Nuovo Giornale dei Letterati, no. 57, 



p. 190(1831 Italy). 



Motacilla flava cinereocapilla Savi, N. F. Ticehurst Brit. B., I, p. 137. 



