252 A PRACTICAL HANDBOOK OF BRITISH BIRDS. 



DISTRIBUTION. Abroad. Europe from Scandinavia and north 

 Russia (as far as pine-forests reach) to Pyrenees, Italy, Macedonia, 

 Caucasus, and Asia Minor. Resident and vagrant. Represented 

 by allied forms in British Isles, Azores, Canary Islands, Corsica, 

 and Sardinia, Turkestan, Himalayas, and Japan. 



107. Regulus regulus anglorum Hart. THE BRITISH 

 GOLDEN-CRESTED WREN. 



REGULUS KEGULTJS ANGLORUM Hartert, Bull. B.O.C., xvi, p. 11 (Great 

 Britain and Ireland). 



Regulus cristatus K. L. Koch, Yarrell, i, p. 449 (part) ; Saunders, p. 57 

 (part) ; R. r. anglorum Hartert, Brit. B., i, p. 218. 



DESCRIPTION (Plate 10). Adult male. Winter. Fore-head dusky- 

 brown ; centre of crown, fore-part lemon-yellow, hind-part bright 

 burnished orange, sides of crown black with inner webs of feathers 

 nearest central part lemon -yellow ; hind -neck and rest of upper-parts 

 yellowish-green rather browner on hind-neck and brighter yellowish 

 on upper tail-coverts and rump, feathers of latter having white 

 sub-terminal marks ; lores, chin and line round eye greyish -white 

 with inner circle of black immediately round eye ; ear-coverts 

 and sides of neck brown ; throat pale brown ; centre of breast 

 and belly whitish tinged pale yellowish-brown ; sides, flanks and 

 under tail-coverts more heavily washed yellowish-brown ; axillaries 

 white tinged pale yellow ; tail dark brown, outer webs fringed 

 yellowish-green ; primaries and secondaries dark brown fringed 

 white on inner webs, first two primaries with outer webs brown, 

 next four outer webs fringed yellow-green, rest and secondaries 

 same but with outer webs as follows : basal portion concealed by 

 greater coverts greenish-yellow, and beyond the tips of the coverts 

 a band of black followed by yellowish-green, three innermost 

 secondaries fringed greenish and tipped whitish and without the 

 black band ; greater and median coverts as innermost secondaries ; 

 the whitish tips forming a double bar ; lesser coverts yellowish- 

 green. This plumage is acquired by complete moult in Aug.-Sept. 

 Summer. No moult (occasional body-feathers are renewed) and 

 very little change by abrasion. 



Adult female. Winter and summer. Like male but centre 

 of crown all lemon-yellow sometimes with two or three orange 

 feathers. 



Nestling. Down, sooty-grey, short and scanty ; distribution, 

 inner supra-orbital and occipital. Mouth, inside bright orange, 

 no tongue-spots ; externally flanges pinkish -white. 



Juvenile. Male and female. Crown, hind -neck and mantle 

 greyish-brown slightly tinged green and mottled black especially 

 on sides of crown where there are black lines in adult ; scapulars, 

 back and rump greenish-brown ; lores, round eyes (with inner 



