298 



A PRACTICAL HANDBOOK OF BRITISH BIRDS. 



of wooded places, but nests mostly on or near ground, more or less 

 fully domed. Eggs white, spotted with rufous or deep brown, 

 or uniform. Numerous species in Europe and Asia south to New 

 Guinea, in Africa south of Atlas only in winter. 



Key to species of genus PHYLLOSCOPUS. 



Under wing-coverts light brownish-buff 

 Under wing-coverts more or less lemon- 

 yellow 2 



1st primary stiff, narrow, pointed, shorter 

 or at least not distinctly longer than 

 primary-coverts 3 



1st primary less narrow and pointed, dis- 

 tinctly longer than primary-coverts . 4 



2nd primary longer than 5th, under tail- 

 coverts white 



2nd primary shorter than 5th, under tail- 

 coverts yellowish 



Yellowish or pale line along crown . 5 

 No yellowish or pale line on crown . 6 

 Light yellow band across rump . 

 No yellow band across rump 



Yellowish tips to greater upper wing-coverts 

 No yellowish tips to greater upper wing- 



Outer web of 3rd to 5th primaries emarginate 

 Outer web of 3rd to 6th primaries emarginate 



Ph. fuscatus, p. 31S 



Ph.sibilatrix,p. 309 

 Ph. borealis, p. 312 



Ph. prortgulus, p. 316 



Ph. humei, p. 314 



Ph. nitidus, p. 307 



Ph. trochilus, p. 304 

 Ph. collybita, p. 298 



PHYLLOSCOPUS COLLYBITA * 



123. Phylloscopus collybita collybita (Vieill.) THE CHIFF- 

 CHAFF. 



SYLVIA COLLYBITA Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., nouv. ed., xi, 

 p. 235 (1817 France). 



Phylloscopus collybita (Vieillot), Yarrell, i, p. 437 ; Phylloscopus rufus 

 (Bechstein), Saunders, p. 67. 



DESCRIPTION (Plate 11.) Adult male and female. Winter. 

 Whole upper -parts varying from brownish olive-green to brown 

 tinged with olive-green (rump usually slightly more greenish 

 than rest of upper -parts) ; lores blackish, feathers tipped buffish, 



* The name " rufus " has been erroneously used for the Chiffchaff. It 

 was first introduced by Gmelin, but his Motacilla ruja does not refer to a 

 Phylloscopus at all. The first certain name is collybita. E.H. 



