308 A PRACTICAL HANDBOOK OF BRITISH BIRDS. 



feathers tipped pale cream or whitish ; ear-coverts brown more 

 or less marked pale cream or whitish ; narrow circle round eye 

 and stripe from nostrils over and behind eye pale creamy yellow ; 



The Greenish Warbler (Phyttoscvpus n. viridanus). Note shorter 2nd and longe 1st. 

 primaries than in Eversmann's Warbler. 



whole under -parts, including under tail-coverts and axiUaries, 

 whitish-yellow, with sides of breast and flanks tinged dusky -olive ; 

 tail-feathers, primaries and secondaries brown edged on outer 

 webs green and on inner webs whitish ; wing-coverts brown with 

 outer webs and tips fringed green, varying number of outer greater 

 coverts with the tips of their outer webs whitish or if not whitish 

 in any case paler than the rest of the feathers. (N.B. This 

 character varies considerably being in some examples quite obvious 

 and in others requiring careful scrutiny to detect). This plumage 

 is acquired by complete moult Aug.-Oct. Summer. A complete 

 moult (including wings and tail) takes place in March-April. New 

 plumage as winter. 



Nestling. (Not examined.) 



Juvenile. Like adult but considerably browner and less 

 green on upper-parts. 



First winter. Like adult. The juvenile body-plumage and 

 sometimes the innermost secondaries are moulted Aug.-Oct., 

 but not rest of wings nor tail. 



Measurements and structure. $ wing 61-65 mm., tail 45-51.5, 

 tarsus 18-21, bill from skull 10.5-11.5 (12 measured). <j> wing 

 58-62. Primaries : 1st 5-10 mm. longer than longest primary- 

 covert, 4th longest, 3rd and 5th .5-1.5 shorter, 6th 2-4: shorter, 

 7th 6-9 shorter, 2nd usually between 7th and 8th, occasionally as 

 long as 7th or as short as 8th (rarely between 8th and 9th) ; 3rd 

 to 6th emarginated outer webs. Rest of structure as Chiffchaff. 



Soft parts. Bill, upper mandible dark brown, lower very 

 pale brown ; legs and feet brown ; iris dark brown. 



CHARACTERS AND ALLIED FORMS. Ph. n. nitidus (Caucasus, 

 Transcaspia, Persia) is considerably greener on upper-parts and 

 more yellow on under-parts and the median as well as the greater 

 wing -co verts are tipped with pale yellow thus forming a double 

 wing-bar, in worn plumage the tips of the median coverts, however, 



