PALLAS 'S GRASSHOPPER-WARBLER. 329 



almost without streaks ; distinct stripe trom nostrils over and 



behind eye creamy -white ; lores dark brown, tipped greyish-white ; 



under eye and lower part of ear-coverts creamy-buff, minutely 



spotted dark brown, upper-part 



of ear-coverts brown ; chin, 



throat, centre of breast and bell} , 



axillaries and under wing-coverts 



white, often with some minute 



black spots on sides of throat 



and on upper-breast and very 



occasionally on centre of throat ; 



upper-breast, sides and flanks 



buff (occasionally one or two 



short black streaks on flanks) ; 



under tail-coverts same with 



whitish tips ; tail : central pair 



brown with small greyish-white 



tips, divided by brown-black 



shaft-line and with a brown- Pallas's Grasshopper-Warbler 



black wedge-shaped penultimate (Locustella certMola) . Tail from below. 



mark, rest with larger dull white 



tips and the black extended over most of the feathers in the shape 

 of wide, coalesced bars, leaving only edges brown ; wing-feathers 

 dark brown, narrowly edged on inner webs dull white and on outer 

 webs pale reddish-brown, 1st and 2nd primaries with outer edge 

 brownish-white, innermost secondaries brown-black, evenly mar- 

 gined with pale reddish -brown, becoming whitish on innermost 

 feather ; all wing-coverts as innermost secondaries but primary- 

 coverts with very narrow margins. This plumage is acquired by 

 complete moult August-December. Summer. The body -feat hers 

 are probabh moulted in March or April, but no specimens are 

 available for examination. In May specimens the body-feathers 

 appear to be new. Coloration as winter on upper-parts, but chin, 

 throat and middle of breast and belly purer white, contrasting 

 more strongly with huffish-brown sides and flanks. 



Nestling. (Not examined). 



Juvenile. Upper-parts as adult, but with rather a more 

 narrowly streaked appearance, especially on rump ; under-parts 

 suffused with pale yellow, sides of throat, lower -throat and upper 

 breast with numerous short (rather spot-like) black-brown streaks 

 flanks usually also with some similar streaks : tips of tail-feathers 

 smaller and less white, margins of innermost secondaries duller, 

 not so whitish. 



First winter. Like adult, but dark streaks on upper-parts 

 slightly narrower and pale edgings slightly broader ; under-parts 

 sometimes tinged pale yellow ; margins of innermost secondaries 

 as in juvenile. The juvenile body-plumage, lesser and median 

 wing-coverts, and sometimes in any case the tail-feathers are 



