POLITICAL HISTORY 



He was condemned to death by the High Court of Justice, 37 " and 

 his firmness on the scaffold, as well as his last attempt in the king's 

 cause, went some way towards making the Royalists forget his earlier 

 vacillation. 377 



After the king's death Middlesex settled down quietly under the 

 Commonwealth. Several prominent republicans lived in the county. 

 Lambert was quartered at Holland House in i649, 878 where, owing to 

 his deafness, Cromwell insisted that their conference should be held in 

 the meadow. After his difference with Cromwell, Fairfax inhabited 

 Holland House until it was restored to the countess of Holland. Sir 

 William Waller lived at Osterley 87 ' until his death in 1668. Of the 

 regicides, Owen Rowe and Colonel John Okey lived at Hackney. 880 Many 

 of the Royalists made their peace with the government and returned to 

 their estates. Of these, Lord Campden, who had been a zealous Royalist, 

 compounded for 9,000, and lived at Campden House during the 

 Protectorate. 881 Sir John Thorowgood of Kensington, a gentleman- 

 pensioner of Charles I, joined the republicans during the interregnum. 

 Several Parliamentarians bought land in Middlesex during the sale of 

 church lands, and of these Sir William Roberts, who held the manor of 

 Neasden, 882 represented Middlesex in the Parliament which gave Cromwell 

 the title of Protector. Some little agitation was caused in 1650 when 

 Parliament proceeded to break up Enfield Chase into small lots, and to sell 

 these to soldiers who had fought on the revolutionary side in the war. The 

 inhabitants of Enfield claimed the right of common, and the rioters broke 

 down the inclosures in the Chase. 383 Four files of soldiers were sent 

 against them, and two petitions were sent to Parliament : one from the 

 officers who had bought lands, the other from the inhabitants of Enfield 

 and Edmonton. 88 * 



Great alarm was felt in August, 1651, when the Scots advanced into 

 England. Barnet was appointed as the rendezvous for the forces in the 

 south, and Middlesex was represented there by 1,000 men from the 

 militia. 885 The news soon came of Cromwell's victory at Worcester, and 

 the 500 Middlesex men who had marched out to Uxbridge were ordered 

 to return home, though for over a week troops kept guard on all the main 

 roads in the county. 886 



When Monk marched south in February, 1660, he broke up his 

 last camp at Barnet on the third, and marched that day into London. 387 

 Before coming to Highgate the general drew up his forces which 

 consisted of four regiments of foot and three of horse, 5,800 

 men in all, with whom he entered the City by Gray's Inn Lane and 

 Holborn Bars. 888 



" Clarendon, op. cit. Hi, 174, 271. '" Andrews, Bygone M iddlesex, 119. 



t78 Perfect Diurnal!, 9 July, 1649. m Lysons, Environs of Land. (1795), iii, 27. 



"* Ibid. Hackney. > Ibid, iii, 179. 



""Ibid. 613. "Ibid, ii, 286-7. 

 184 Ca/.S.P.Dom. 1658-9, pp. 363, 368 (30). 



84 Ibid. 1651, pp. 325, 346. * 86 Ibid. 411-12. ** Ludlow, Memoirs, 818. 



388 Price, Mystery and Method of His Majesty's Restoration, 757. 



2 49 7 



