INDUSTRIES 



obituary notice, after mentioning his author- 

 ship of ' several curious treatises on physic,' 

 states that ' he was the first that found out 

 the secret to colour earthenware like china.' 

 He is said to have practised in his profession 

 as a physician, and wrote some Latin medi- 

 cal treatises between 1722 and 1731. It is 

 possible that he was a partner only, and that 

 the business was carried on jointly with 

 another brother. The male descendants 

 seem to have disappeared by the end of the 

 1 8th century. 



Lysons, who wrote in I795, 28 says, ' These 

 manufactures are still carried on at Fulham 

 by Mr. White, a descendant in the female 

 line of the first proprietor. Mr. White's 

 father, who married one of the Dwight family 

 (a niece of Dr. Dwight, vicar of Fulham), 

 obtained a premium anno 1761 from the 

 Society for the Encouragement of Arts &c., 

 for making crucibles of British materials.' 

 The niece of Dr. Dwight above mentioned 

 was probably the Margaret Dwight who 

 with her partner, Thomas Warland, became 

 bankrupt in 1 746. 26 



William White, whom she is said to have 

 married, described as ' of Fulham in the county 

 of Middlesex, potter,' took out a patent in 

 1 762 for the manufacture of ' white crucibles 

 or melting potts made of British materials, and 

 never before made in England or elsewhere 

 and which I have lately sett up at Fulham 

 aforesaid.' 



The earliest dated piece of Fulham stone- 

 ware known to exist is in the collection of 

 Mr. J. E. Hodgkin. It is a mug ornamented 

 with a ship and figure of a shipwright caulking 

 the seams of a hull, and bearing an inscription 

 in script, ' Robert Asslet London Street 1 721.' 

 Another specimen of quaint design, belonging 

 to Mr. H. C. Moffat, is a large mug with 

 pewter mount ; its decoration consists of a 

 centre medallion representing Hogarth's ' Mid- 

 night modern conversation,' another medallion 

 bearing the Butchers' Arms of Hereford, and 

 the inscription ' Waller Vaughan of Hereford, 

 His mug must not be brock, 1 740.' 



Speaking of the later history of this manu- 

 factory Chaffers says ** 



In Mr. Llewellynn Jewitt's sale there was a 

 gallon flipcan of stoneware with strongly hinged 



25 Environs of Land. (1795), ii, 400. 



"Gent. Mag. 1746, p. 45. Prof. Church 

 considers that Margaret was the widow of Dr. 

 Samuel Dwight, and that their only daughter 

 Lydia was married to Thomas Warland, her 

 mother's partner, and after his death to William 

 White. 



17 Chaffers, op. cit. 8 1 1. 



cover of the same material and a grated spout. 

 It was ornamented with raised borders and figures 

 of a woman milling, a church in the distance, a 

 hunting scene, Hope, Peace, and other figures ; 

 with a well-modelled head on the spout, marked 

 at the bottom in letters scratched into the soft 

 clay W. J. White fecit Dec. 8, 1 800.' On the 

 heart-shaped termination of the handle is ' W. W. 

 1 800.' In 1813 the manufactory was in the 

 hands of Mr. White, a son of the above, and the 

 articles then made were chiefly stoneware jars,'; 

 pots, jugs, &c. The Fulham works remained in 

 the family until 1862, when the last Mr. White 

 died, and he was succeeded by Messrs. Macintosh 

 and Clements ; but in consequence of the death 

 of the leading partner, the works were disposed of 

 to Mr. C. J. C. Bailey, the present proprietor, in 

 1864. This gentleman has made considerable 

 alterations and fitted up a quantity of machinery 

 with a view of facilitating the manufacture and 

 extending the business. 



Writing in 1883 Jewitt speaks 28 very highly 

 of the improvements introduced by Mr. Bailey. 

 The output in stoneware included all the 

 usual domestic vessels, besides sanitary and 

 chemical appliances of various kinds. In ad- 

 dition, works of art of a high order in stone- 

 ware, terra-cotta, china, and other materials 

 were produced, thus restoring the ancient 

 reputation of the firm. For the stoneware 

 department the services of M. Cazin, formerly 

 director of the school of art at Tours, were 

 engaged. A cannette in his own collection 

 bearing the artist's name, "CAZIN, 1872, 

 STUDY," Jewitt praises as remarkably good. 29 

 Also another example made expressly for him, 

 which bears an admirably modelled armorial 

 medallion and other incised and relief or- 

 naments, with the date 1873, and artist's 

 name, C. CAZIN, also incised. The coloured 

 stone or ' sgraffito ' ware has a high repute, 

 and Mr. Bailey in 1872 received a medal at 

 the Dublin Exhibition for his stoneware and 

 terra-cotta. In the latter ware were produced 

 vases, statues, architectural enrichments, chim- 

 ney shafts, stoves, &c., of very good quality 

 and of admirable design, Mr. Martin, sculptor, 

 having been engaged as modeller and designer, 

 and giving to some of the productions the 

 name of Martin ware. The manufacture of 

 chinaware was added during the year 1873, 

 with the aid of good workmen and of 

 Mr. E. Bennet and Mr. Hopkinson as artists. 

 As the beginning of a new manufacture which 

 had done much to establish a fresh fame for 

 Fulham, Jewitt thus describes the composition 

 of the ware : 30 ' The body is made from 

 Dwight's original recipe, the very body of 



'45 



18 Ceramic Art (1883), 91. 



19 Ibid. *> Ibid. 92. 



'9 



