INDUSTRIES 



Fire, the entire number of working printers 

 in and about London was stated to be 140, 

 but how many of them were working outside 

 the City does not appear. 3 From another list 

 in 1724 we have a more complete view of 

 the printing trade of the metropolis. 4 The 

 list was prepared by Samuel Negus, a printer, 

 who distinguished printers according to their 

 religious and political principles. The num- 

 ber of printers is 75, of whom 15 have ad- 

 dresses outside the City. Of these 6 lived in 

 St. John's Lane, 2 in Goswell Street, 2 in or 

 near the Savoy, 2 in Lincoln's Inn Fields, and 

 the 3 others in Covent Garden, Bloomsbury, 

 and Without Temple Bar. 



The only printer of note in Negus's list 

 living outside the City is Woodfall, ' Without 

 Temple Bar.' An anonymous contributor to 

 Notes and Queries 5 gives some valuable notes 

 drawn from the ledgers of Henry Woodfall 

 between the years 1734 and 1737. On 

 15 December 1735 he charged Bernard 

 Lintot as follows : 



' </ 

 Printing the first volume of 



Mr. Pope's Works, Cr. Long 



Primer, 8vo, 3000 (and 75 



fine), @ 2 2s. per sheet, 14 



sheets and a half . . . . 30 09 o 

 Title in red and black ... I I o 

 Paid for 2 reams and J of writing 



demy 2163 



He also printed Pope's Iliad for Henry 

 Lintot in 1736 at a cost of ,143 17*., de- 

 scribed as 'demy, Long Primer and Brevier, 

 No. 2000 in 6 vols. 68 sheets & @ 2 2s. 

 per sheet.' Woodfall's customers included 

 also Robert Dodsley, Lawton Gilliver, and 

 Andrew Millar. For the latter he printed 

 Thomson's poems ; 250 8vo. copies of Spring, 

 in October 1734, and in the following 

 January the 1st part of Liberty in a cr. 8vo. 

 edition of 3,000 and 250 ' fine copies.' The 

 Seasons was issued on 9 June 1744 in octavo. 

 There were 1,500 errata in the work, and a 

 special charge of 2 41. was made for ' divers 

 and repeated alterations.' 



In 1731 Edward Cave, who had followed 

 many employments, purchased a small printing- 

 office at St. John's Gate, Clerkenwell. Here 

 he printed and published the Gentleman 1 ! 

 Magazine, the first number of which appeared 

 in January 1730-1. 



* The case and proposals of the free Journeymen 

 Printers in and about London. 



* A compleat and private Kit of all the Printing- 

 houses in and about the Cities of London and West- 

 minster, 1724, printed by William Bowyer. 



6 First series, xi, 377, 418. 



One of the most useful enterprises of the 

 brilliant Horace Walpole was the private 

 printing-press which he set up on 4 August 

 1757 at Strawberry Hill, his villa at Twicken- 

 ham. In his letter of this date to Sir Horace 

 Mann he says, ' I am turned printer, and have 

 converted a little cottage into a printing office.' 

 He began with two Odes of Gray, printed by 

 William Robinson, who did not remain long 

 in his employment. His next work was Paul 

 Hentzner's interesting Journey into England, 

 a small edition of 220 copies. In April 1758 

 appeared the two volumes of his Catalogue o 

 Royal and Noble Authors, of which a second 

 edition, not printed at Strawberry Hill, was 

 called for before the end of the year. Writing 

 in 1760 he says, ' I have been plagued with a 

 succession of bad printers ; ' this hindered the 

 production of his edition of Lucan. It was 

 published in January 1761, and in the follow- 

 ing year appeared the first and second volumes 

 of Anecdotes of Painting in England, with plates 

 and portraits, and the imprint ' Printed by 

 Thomas Farmer at Strawberry Hill, MDCCLXII.' 

 Then another difficulty arose with the printers, 

 and the third volume, published in 1763, had 

 no printer's name in the imprint. The fourth 

 volume, not issued till 1780, bears the name 

 of Thomas Kirgate, who seems to have been 

 taken on in 1772, and held his post until 

 Walpole's death. Between 1764 and 1768 

 the Strawberry Press was idle, but in the latter 

 year Walpole printed 200 copies of a French 

 play entitled Cornelie Restate Tragedie, and 

 from that time to 1789 he continued to 

 print at intervals, his chief productions being 

 Memoires du Comte de Grammont, 1772, of 

 which only 100 copies were printed, twenty- 

 five of which went to Paris ; The Sleep Walker, 

 a comedy in two acts, 1778 ; A Description 

 of the villa of Mr. Horace Walpole, 1784, of 

 which 200 copies were printed ; and Hiero- 

 glyphic Tales, 1785. 



A private printing office was carried on by 

 the notorious John Wilkes at his house in 

 Great George Street, Westminster, 6 where he 

 produced two works in 1763 and a few copies 

 of the third volume of the North Briton. He 

 is said to have employed Thomas Farmer, who 

 had also assisted Horace Walpole at Straw- 

 berry Hill. 7 



One of the few firms of renown in later 

 times outside the City of London is that 

 of Gilbert & Rivington. John Rivington, 

 fourth son of John Rivington the publisher, 

 and descendant of Charles Rivington of the 



6 C. H. Timperley, Ency. of Lit. and Typog. 

 Anecdote, 710-11. 



' H.R. Flomer, SAort Hist, of Engl. Printing,z%o. 



199 



