FORESTRY 



which amounted to 2,606 13^. Rennie's bridge across the Serpentine 

 was erected at a great cost (said in a letter to the Times to be 100,000) 

 in 1826. Eight years after the building of the bridge, namely in 1834, 

 occurred the change in the source from which the water was drawn. 

 The old brook of Westbourne had become befouled with sewage, and 

 brought much filth into the Serpentine ; the stream was therefore turned 

 into a large culvert and since that date the water has been supplied from 

 a changing and complex system of waterworks. 



The Round Pond of Kensington Gardens was first supplied with 

 water in 1728." 



ST. JAMES'S PARK 



The origin of St. James's Park, in 1532, has already been stated. 

 Henry VIII stocked it with deer, and their numbers were well main- 

 tained throughout the century. A foreign visitor in 1598 wrote of St. 

 James's Park : ' In this park is great plenty of deer.' 8 * It is generally 

 stated that Charles II added 36 acres, gained by purchase, to its area: but 

 it is more correct to call this addition, which ran up into Piccadilly, the 

 Green Park, though at first styled ' Upper St. James's Park.' This small 

 park was inclosed with a brick wall in i667. 85 



The deer of St. James's Park disappeared about the beginning of the 

 Commonwealth trouble, but in 1652 when Hyde Park was sold, the 

 House of Commons ordered that 'James's Park should be spared and 

 restocked with deer from the parks of Hampton and Bushey. 86 



Evelyn, writing in 1665, says that he noted in St. James's Park ' deer 

 of several countries, white spotted like leopards, antelopes, an elk, red 

 deer, roebucks and staggs.' " In Kip's view of St. James's, taken in 1714, 

 deer are shown in a park beyond the Mall. 



The present area of St. James's Park is 93 acres, and of the Green 

 Park 52 J acres. 



KENSINGTON GARDENS 



The origin of Kensington Gardens, with the present area of 274! 

 acres, has given rise to much dispute and to a multiplicity of erroneous 

 statements. The fact is, as has already been stated, that Charles II in 

 1662 disparked certain parts of Hyde Park at the Kensington end, in 

 favour of Secretary Finch, who afterwards became earl of Nottingham. 

 William III, however, bought back Nottingham House with its extensive 

 grounds in 1689, making it his favourite London residence. Hence it 

 became known as Kensington Palace. 



The difficulties as to the story of the founding of Kensington Gar- 

 dens have recently been much simplified by the researches of Mr. Rutton. 88 

 He points out that the area of Hyde Park apportioned to be sold in 1652 

 was 621-83 acres, but the acreage to-day (including the Serpentine) is 



" Rutton, 'The Making of the Serpentine,' Home Counties Mag. (1903), v, 81 et seq. and 183 et seq. 



" Hentzner, Travels, 34. M Larwood, Lond. Parks, ii, 25-6. 



16 Ibid. 78-9. ' Evelyn, Memoirs, i, 356. 



* Rutton, 'The Making of Kensington Gardens,' Home Counties Mag. (1904), vi, 145-59, 222 -3' 



2 39 



