40 MILK-ANALYSIS. 



two (viz., the 10.69 per cent, of solids) is accompanied by 10 

 per cent, of cream, sp. gr. 1.0316 before skimming, and sp. 

 gr. 1.0332 after skimming; the latter (viz., the 11.41 per 

 cent, of solids) by 11.2 per cent, of cream, sp. gr. 1.032 before 

 and sp. gr. 1.034 after skimming. The third instance of a too 

 low solid contents is to be met with in Table III., being the 

 evening milk given by the last of eight cows. Percentage of 

 solids, 11.43 ; cream, 7.5 per cent. ; sp. gr. before skimming, 

 1.0315 ; sp. gr. after skimming, 1.0335. In this instance 

 the cream is indeed rather low, but then the effect of skim- 

 ming on the specific gravity of the milk is considerable, and 

 the specific gravity is high . 



It is perfectly true that if a little cream be removed from 

 rich milk, and a little water (I believe it should be warm) 

 be added to the milk, the creamometer and " lactodensimeter " 

 may be cheated, so that there shall be want of correspondence 

 between the indications of these instruments and the solids 

 in the inilk. But in the examples at present under discus- 

 sion we are not dealing with skilfully sophisticated milk, but 

 with milk in the natural condition as given by the cow. If 

 the figures in the tables be correct, the cow must have, in 

 these three instances, given milk not only abnormally poor 

 in solids, but also in an abnormal physical condition, as if it 

 had been manipulated by the fraudulent milk-dealer. 



The fourth case of abnormally low solids occurs in Table 

 IV., being the milk of the third cow, which is recorded as 

 containing 9.54 per cent, of solids. In this instance, unfor- 

 tunately, the yield of cream is not given. The sp. gr. before 

 skimming was 1.0279, but the sp. gr. after skimming is not 

 given. I observe, moreover, that the next solid contents of 

 the table is a misprint, viz., 3.7677 instead of 13.7677 (that 

 it is a misprint is shown by the numbers for the ash, and 

 the number given as the ratio of the ash to the total solids). 



I do not consider that Ooppelsroder's four exceptional 



