PASTEURIZATION 



221 



of enormously reducing infant mortality. From 1894 to 

 1897 he distributed sterilized milk to the poor of Grenoble 

 during the months of July, August, and September. It was 

 sterilized in an autoclave at 110 C. for hah* an hour in 

 bottles containing 200 to 250 cubic centimetres. 

 The use of this milk gave the following death rates : 



The difference in favor of sterilized milk is much more 

 striking than the figures indicate, for Class A includes 

 bottle- and breast-fed children, while Class B includes only 

 bottle-fed children. Further, the first figures are compiled 

 from children of the better class, while the latter are drawn 

 from children of the poorer classes. 



Carel, 1 from observations upon infants of the working 

 classes in Paris, recommends the use of sterilized milk from 

 the time of weaning. He believes further that the use of 

 sterilized milk has brought about a reduction in the dangers 

 to infants to a minimum. In infants of normal weight and 

 good health, nourished with sterilized milk, the dentition 

 proceeds normally and the mortality from gastro-enteritis 

 is nil. 



From a comparison of two series of observations of in- 

 fants coming from families of the same social conditions, 

 living in the same quarter, and of whom the mothers had 

 received the same advice, there occurred 31.8 per cent of 

 rachitis among those nourished with ordinary milk (210 

 observations). The proportion of rachitis in 373 infants 

 1 Carel, Armand, Le lait sterilist. Paris, Theses, 1902-03. 



