PURPLE EMPEROR PAINTED LADY. 85 



In the caterpillar state also the Purple Emperor is a 

 remarkable creature, of the form shown in Plate I, 

 fig. 5, bright green, striped with yellow on each side, 

 and bearing on his head a pair of horns or tentacles. 

 Though the perfect insect is chiefly found on the oak, 

 the caterpillar feeds generally on the broad-leaved 

 Sallow, though it has been occasionally found on the 

 Poplar. 



The chrysalis, which may be found on the same trees, 

 suspended to the under side of a leaf, is shown at Fig. 22, 

 Plate I. and is of a light green colour. 



The butterfly appears in July, and is found in oak 

 woods in many localities of the South. The following 

 are a few of these : Near Colchester, extremely abun- 

 dant, Epping, Great and Little Stour Woods; Ketter- 

 ing, Barnwell Wold, Northamptonshire; Bourne, Lin- 

 coln ; Leicester ; Eeading, Newbury, Berks ; Hereford- 

 shire ; Eorest of Dean, Monmouthshire ; Warwick- 

 shire ; Suffolk ; Monkswood, Hunts ; Clapham Park 

 Wood, Beds ; Darenth Wood, Chatham, Tenterden ; 

 Ticehurst, Balcombe, Tilgate Forest, Arundel, near 

 Brighton ; Lyndhurst ; Stowmarket ; Isle of Wight. 



THE PAINTED LADY. 

 (Cynthia Cardui.) (Plate VII. fig. 3.) 



WE now come to a very natural group of butterflies, 

 rich, and often gorgeous, in their colouring, and having, 

 both in their perfect and preparatory states, many cha- 

 racteristics in common, in point of habits, as well as of 

 appearance and construction. The caterpillars are all 

 thorny, and the chrysalides are adorned with brilliant 

 metallic (generally golden) spots, from which appearance 

 was derived the name " chrysalis" 1 since applied, but 

 somewhat improperly, to the pupce of all butterflies. 

 This golden effect is produced by a brilliant white 



1 See the meaning of Chrysalis and Aurelia, on page 9. 



