January 
ously mingled, while the male has the distin- 
guishing badge of a bright crimson patch on 
the hind-head. This species is very common 
throughout eastern North America in woods 
and orchards, and seems to be more desirous of 
proximity to man than the other species of the 
same family. 
Matrimonial arrangements are commonly 
made annually among the birds, but the ‘‘ down- 
ies’’ are usually mated for life, and hence are 
often seen in pairs instead of singly. Neither 
are they so migratory as many others, and often 
remain in one locality throughout the year. 
The woodpeckers are not singers, but every 
species has its note, more or less shrill, and 
some of them have quite a variety of such notes. 
These sounds probably serve as means of com- 
munication among themselves, and perhaps re- 
lieve their overcharged feelings, as in the case 
of the pileated woodpecker, or log-cock, which, 
Minot says, ‘‘ often produces a loud cackling, 
not wholly unlike that of a hen. Hence a 
countryman, asked by a sportsman if there were 
any of them ina certain place, answered that 
he ‘ often heard them hollering in the woods.’ ”’ 
The other woodpecker in the Park is the 
‘¢flicker,’’ adéas ‘‘ golden-winged woodpecker,’’ 
35 
