..-49- 



times with results thatvaried between the two examples cited* 

 It was found that if the manipulation was rough or unnecessarily 

 prolonged, the animals would become rigidly attached and would 

 not locomote for some time or at all while some animals refused 

 to coordinate with even the gentlest manipulation*^ 



# Opinion on the necessity of an intact nervous system for 

 eohinoderm coordination seems divided. Romanes and Jfiwart (1881) 

 and Cole (1913) record some slow coordination between parts 

 on opposite sides of a cut in the nervous system, while Husso 

 (1913) believes that coordination may be absolutely normal with 

 the oral nerve ring removed, Tlark (1890) states that the 

 movements of the tentacles in Synapta and coordinated movements 

 of the body muscles are not destroyed by cutting the nerve ring* 

 See also Grave jqoo on Qphuira breviepina 



Among those who report the opposite results are Vulpian 

 (1862) ,:rukeuberg (1881) DeMoor an* Ohapeaux 1891 Loeb (1900) 

 Mango lr (Wow i4W ) fJtoore (19100, 1910te) ete 



Trom these experiments, and those on trie righting of 

 neurotomixed animals which will be described later, I think that 

 it can be safaly concluded that while there is no neural or 

 neuroid" (Parker 191$} transmission pastja cut in the am ulacral 

 nervous system, there may be a certain limited amount of coor- 

 dination between parts separated by such a cut brought about 

 -mwfafiHe*** through there mutual relationships to ehe substrate* 



yridenoo froyi the behavior oj[ ffie animal when its, part? 

 aye placed on. aet^rftte, p n ubst rates,.' 



We shall turn now to such indirect evidence as bears upon 

 this point from the behavior of an animal on separate substrates 

 and A a quantitative analysis of the mechanics of the deviation 

 reaction. 'Uiese methods, though indirect do not cause the 

 attaching reaction* 



The rays of an active starfish that is not in the coordinated 



as 

 state, /has been seen above will migrate toward their tips, into 



free floating glass tubes* If however before suspending and before 

 the floats are presented to the ry. * anim al * in * teu 



