60* 



that as the tuba feet carry a small pieee of food toward the 

 mouth there is a "humping up" of the ray in the region of the 

 food which probably involves the factors desoribed above. The 

 behavior of the tube feet when the animal moves its arm in 

 under the disc as a part of the food taking response (Jennings 

 1907) would be interesting but Z have never been able to 

 induce this response in the species at hand* 



Van^ral flexion pj[ ri.'did.of loured and nicotinlzad starfish/ 

 If a Piaaster in a state of extreme rigidity be inverted 

 there will be as we have seen, a rather inactive extension of the 

 tube feet more or less at right angles to the rays* There will be 

 no orientation of the tube feet at the tip in the direction of 

 the ray* The rays, soon after inverting will lift themselves 

 orally and assume a very symetrioal ventral flexion* This 

 state may continue, in absenoe of disturbing stimulation for as 

 much as twelve hours* If the radial nerves be out or injured 

 near the base* this ventro flexion is apt to be very ouch 

 intensified *o that the steps of the rays come nearly or quite 

 in contact and the animal assumes what Roman** (i3Xt and 

 ftfart (1881) who describe this response aptly call " a tulip lite 

 fora"* This is similar to the state of ventro flexion which 

 Moore (I920a^ # describes as a result of nicotine poioning, and 



/ The effect of nicotine on starfish had been desoribed 

 previously by Preyer (1886) and Greenwood (1890) 



wfcioh Z have confirmed for Pisaster, lh chief difference seems 

 to be that the tube feet in the nice tini zed Pfrsastar art completely 

 retracted, while those of the rigid, or of the nourotomized 

 animal show a certain amount of extension but no particular 

 orientation. !Ih strength of the spasm is greater in the nico- 

 tinized animal ffcsw. 



These movements are shown by the isolated ray from both 

 the niootinized (Moore) and the rigid animal* 



