248 COSMOS. 



Third group, from 8000 to 12,000 Paris or 8528 to 12,792 

 English feet in height. 



The volcano of Awatscha (Peninsula of Kamtschatka), not to be con- 

 founded 25 with the rather more northern Strjdoschnaja Sopka, 

 which is usually called the volcano of Awatscha by the English 

 navigators: 8912 feet, according to Erman. 



The volcano of Antuco' 26 or Anto'io (Chili): 8920 feet, according to 

 Domeyko. 



The volcano of the island of FogcF (Cape Verd Islands) : 91 54 feet, 

 according to Charles Deville. 



The volcano of Schiwelutsch (Kamtschntka) : the north-eastern 

 summit 10,551 feet, according to Erman. 28 



25 Erman, in his interesting geognostic description of the volcanoes 

 of the peninsula of Kamtschatka, gives the Awatschinskaja or Gorelaja 

 Sopka as 8912 feet, and the Strjeloschnaja Sopka, which is also called 

 Korjaskaja Sopka, as 11,822 feet (Reise, Bd. iii, s. 494 and 540). See 

 with regard to these two volcanoes, of which the former is the most 

 active, Leopold de Buch, Descr. Physique des Ites Canaries, pp. 447 

 450. Erman's measurement of the volcano of Awatscha agrees best 

 with the earliest measurements of Mongez (8739) during the expedition 

 of La Perouse (1787), and with the more recent one of Captain Beechy 

 (9057 feet). Hofmann in Kotzebue's voyage, and Lenz in Lutke's 

 voyage, found only 8170 and 8214 feet ; see Lutke, Voyage autour du 

 Monde, t. iii, pp. 67 84. The admiral's measurement of the Strjelo- 

 schnaja Sopka gave 11,222 feet. 



26 See Pentland's table of elevations in Mrs. Somerville's Physical 

 Geography, vol. ii, p. 452 ; Sir Woodbine Parish, Biienos-Ayres and the 

 Province of the Rio de la Plata, 1852, p. 343; Poppig, Reise in Chile wid 

 Peru, Bd. i, s. 411434. 



27 Is it probable that the height of the summit of this remarkable 

 volcano is gradually diminishing ? A barometrical measurement by 

 Baldey, Vidal, and Mudge, in the year 1819, gave 2975 metres or 9760 

 feet ; whilst a very accurate and practised observer, Sainte-Claire 

 Deville, who has done such important service to the geognosy of 

 volcanoes, only found 2790 metres or 9154 feet in the year 1842 

 (Voyage aux lies Antilles et a Vile de Fogo, p. 155). Captain King 

 had a little while before determined the height of the volcano of 

 Fogo to be only 2686 metres or 8813 feet. 



28 Erman, Reise, Bd. iii, s. 271, 275, and 297. The volcano Schiwe- 

 lutsch, like Pichincha, has a form which is rare amongst active vol- 

 canoes, namely, that of a long ridge (chrebet), upon which single domes 

 and crests (grebni) rise. Dome-shaped and conical mountains are 

 always indicated in the volcanic district of the peninsula by the name 

 eopki. 



