TRUE VOLCANOES. 277 



of trachyte and dolerite, but having always been unopened, 

 have never exhibited any ign ous activity since the time of 

 their upheaval. Eighteen are to be regarded as still active ; 

 seven of these have thrown up flames, scoria3 and lava- 

 streams in the present century (1825, 1835, 1848, and 

 1850); and two* at the end of the last century (1775 and 

 1799). The deficiency of lava-streams in the mighty vol- 

 canoes of the Cordilleras of Quito has recently given occa- 

 sion to the repeated assertion that this deficiency is equally 

 general in the volca.roes of Central America. Certainly, 

 in the majority of cases, eruptions of scoriae and ashes have 

 been unaccompanied by any effusion of lava as for exam- 

 earthquakes !)" In 1852, during a great eruption, the Volcan de Fuego 

 poured forth a lava-stream towards the shore of the Pacific. Captain 

 Basil Hall measured, under sail, both the volcanoes of Old Guatemala, 

 and found for the Volcan de Fuego 14,666 feet, and for the Volcan de 

 Agua, 14,903 feet. The foundation of this measurement has been 

 tested by Poggendorff. He found the mean elevation of the two moun- 

 tains to be less, and reduced it to about 13,109 feet. 



Volcan de Quesaltenango* (lat. 15 10'), burning since 1821, and 

 smoking, near the town of the same name ; the three conical moun- 

 tains which bound the Alpine lake Atitlan (in the mountain chain of 

 Solola) on the south, are also said to be ignited. The volcano of 

 Tajamulco, referred to by Juarros, certainly cannot be identical with 

 the volcano of Quesaltenango, as the latter is at a distance of 40 geog. 

 miles to the N.W., of the village of Tajamulco, to the south of Tejutla. 



What are the two volcanoes of Sacatepeques and Sapotitlan, men- 

 tioned by Funel, or Brue"s Volcan de Amilpas? 



The great volcano of Soconusco, situated on the borders of Chiapa, 

 28 geog. miles to the south of Ciudad Real, in lat. 16 2'. 



At the close of this long note I think I must again mention that the 

 barometric determinations of altitude here adduced are partly derived 

 from Espinache, and partly borrowed from the writings and maps of 

 Baily, Squier, and Molina. 



w The following 18 volcanoes, constituting therefore nearly the half 

 of all those referred to by me as active in former or present times, are 

 to be regarded as at present more or less active : Irasu and Turrialva, 

 near Cartago, el Rincon de la Vieja, Votos(?) and Orosi; the insular vol- 

 cano Ometepec,Nindiri, Momotomba, el Nuevo, at the foot of the trachytic 

 mountain Las Pilas, Telica, el Viejo, Conseguina, San Miguel Bosotlan, 

 .San Vicente, Izalco, Pacaya, Volcan de Fuego (de Guatemala), and 

 Quesaltenango. The most recent eruptions are those of el Nuevo, near 

 las Pilas, on the 18th April, 1850 ; San Miguel Bosotlan, 1848; Conse- 

 guina, and San Vicente, 1835; Izalco, 1825; Volcan de Fuego, neajf 

 New Guatemala, 1799 and 1852; and Pacaya, 1775. 



