TRUE VOLCANOES. 287 



continent of Soutli America. I reckon as volcanoes, besides 

 those which are still burning and active, those volcanic 



Chimborazo, but 6650 feet lower than Mount Everest in the 

 Himalaya, which is now regarded as the highest peak of Asia. 

 According to the last official report of Colonel Waugh, of the 

 1st March, 1856, the four highest mountains of the Himalayan 

 chain are : Mount Everest (Gaurischanka) to the north-east of 

 Katmandu, 29,000 feet, the Kuntschinjinga, to the north of 

 Darjiling, 28,154 feet, the Dhaulagiri (Dhavalagirir), 26,825 feet, 

 and Tschumalari (Chamalari), 23,946 feet. 



Volcano of Pomarape, 21,699 feet, lat. 18 8', almost a twin moun- 

 tain with the following volcano. 



Volcano of Parinacota, 22,029 feet, lat. 18 12'. 



The group of the four trachytic cones Sahama, Pomarape, Parinacota, 

 and Gualatieri, lying between the parallels of 18 7' and 18 25', is, 

 according to Pentland's trigonometric measurement, higher than Chim- 

 borazo, or more than 21,422 feet. 



Volcano of Gualatieri,* 21,962 feet, lat. 18 25', in the Bolivian 

 province Carangas; very active, according to Pentland (Hertha, 

 Bd. xiii, 1829, s. 21). 



Not far from the Bahama-group, 18 7' to 18 25', the series of 

 volcanoes and the entire chain of the Andes, which lies to the westward 

 of it, suddenly change their strike, and pass from the direction 

 S.E. N.W. into that from north to south, which becomes general as 

 far as the Straits of Magellan. I have treated of this important turning 

 point, the notch in the shore near Arica (18 280 which has an analogue 

 on the west coast of Africa in the Gulf of Biafra, in the first volume of 

 Cosmos, p. 296. 



Volcano of Isluga, lat. 19 20', in the province of Tarapaca, to the 

 west of Carangas. 



Volcan de San Pedro de Atacama, on the north-eastern border of the 

 Desierto of the same name, in lat. 22 16', according to the new 

 plan of the arid sandy desert (Desierto) of Atacama, by Dr. 

 Philippi, 16 miles to the north-east of the small town of San Pedro, 

 not far from the great Nevado de Chorolque. 



There is no volcano from 204 to 30, and after an interruption of 

 more than 568 miles, the volcanic activity first reappears in the 

 volcano of Coquimbo. For the existence of a volcano of Copiapo 

 (lat. 27 28') is denied by Meyen, whilst it is asserted by Philippi, 

 who is well acquainted with the country. 



75 Our geographical and geological knowledge of the group of vol- 

 canoes, which we include in the common name of the linear volcanoes 

 of Chili, is indebted for the first incitement to its completion, and 

 even for the completion itself, to the acute investigations of Captain 



