290 COSMOS. 



dition, as volcanoes which have long been extinct. Unopened 

 trachytic cones and domes, or unopened long trai-hytic ridges, 

 such as Chimborazo and Iztaccihuatl, are excluded. This is 

 also the sense given to the word volcano by Leopold von 

 Buch, Charles Darwin, and Friedrich Naumaun in their geo- 

 graphical narratives. I give the name of still active vol- 

 canoes to those which when seen from their immediate 

 vicinity, still exhibit signs of greater or less degrees of their 

 activity, and some which have also presented great and well- 

 attested eruptions in recent times. The qualification " seen 

 from their immediate vicinity," is of great importance, as 

 the present existence of activity is denied to many volcanoes, 

 because, when observed from the plain, the thin vapours, 

 which ascend from the crater at a great height, remain 

 invisible to the eye. Thus it was even denied, at the time of 

 my American travels, that Pichincha and the great volcano 

 of Mexico (Popocatepetl) were still active although an enter- 

 by Domeyko. Far to the eastward of the volcano of Antuco, in 

 a parallel chain of the Andes, Pop pig states that there are two 

 other active volcanoes, Punhamuidda* and Unalavquen*. 

 Volcano of Callaqui. 

 Volcan de Villarica*, lat. 39 14'. 

 Volcano of Chinal, lat. 39 35'. 



Volcan de Panguipulli*, lat. 4 Of , according to Major Philippi. 

 (d) Betiveen the Parallels of Valdivia and the southernmost Cape of 

 the Island of Chiloe: 

 Volcano of Ranco. 



Volcano of Osomo or Llanquihue; lat. 41 P'; height 7443 feet. 

 Volcan de Calbuco* lat. 41 12'. 

 Volcano of Guanahuca (Guanegue?) 

 Volcano of Minchinmadom, lat. 42 48', height 7993 feet. 

 Volcan del Corcovado* lat. 43 12', height 7509 feet. 

 Volcano of Yanteles (Yntales), lat. 43 29', height 8030 feet. 

 Upon the last four volcanoes, see Captain Fitzroy, Exped. of the 



Beagle, vol. iii, p. 275, and Gilliss, vol. i, p. 13. 



Volcano of San Clemente, opposite to the Peninsula de Tres Montes, 

 which consists, according to Darwin, of granite, lat. 46 8'. On 

 the great map of South America, by La Cruz, a more southern 

 volcano de los Gigantes is given, opposite the Archipelago de la 

 Madre de Dios, in lat. 51 4'. Its existence is very doubtful. 

 The latitudes in the foregoing table of volcanoes are for the most 

 part derived from the maps of Pissis, Allan Campbell, and Claude 

 Gay, in the admirable work of Gilliss (1855). 



