SOO COSMOS. 



feet), Gunung Ardjuno (11,031 feet), Gunung Sumbing 

 (11,029 feet), and Ginning Lawn (10,726 feet). Seven 

 other volcanoes of Java attain a height of nine or ten 

 thousand feet ; a result which is of the more importance as 

 no summit of the island was formerly supposed to rise higher 

 than six thousand feet. 86 Of the five groups of North and 

 South American volcanoes, that of Guatemala (Central 

 America) is the only one exceeded in mean elevation by 

 the Javanese group. Although in the vicinity of Old 

 Guatemala the Volcan del Fuego attains a height of 13,109 

 feet (according to the calculation and reduction of 

 Poggendorff), and therefore 874 feet more than Gunung 

 Semeru, the remainder of the Central American series of 

 volcanoes only varies between five and seven thousand feet, 

 and not as in Java between seven and ten thousand feet. 

 The highest volcano of Asia is not, however, to be sought 

 in the Asiatic Islands (the Archipelago of the Sunda 

 Islands), but upon the continent ; for upon the peninsula 

 of Kamtschatka the volcano Kljutschewsk rises to 15,763 

 feet, or nearly to the height of the Rucu-Pichincha, in the 

 Cordilleras of Quito. 



which singularly enough is not further disseminated over the enormous 

 domain of the Malayan language ; see the comparative table of words in 

 my brother's woi'k upon the Kawi language, vol. ii, s. 249, No. 62. As 

 it is the custom to place this word gunung before the names of moun- 

 tains in Java, it is usually indicated in the text by a simple G. 



^ Leopold de Buch, Description Physique des lies Canaries, 1836, 

 p. 419. Not only has Java (Junghuhn, Th. i. s. 61, and Th. ii. s. 547) 

 a colossal mountain, the Semeru of 12,233 feet, which consequently 

 exceeds the Peak of Teneriflfe a little in height, but an elevation of 

 12,256 feet is also attributed to the Peak of Indrapura, in Sumatra, 

 which is also still active, but does not appear to have been so accu- 

 rately measured (Th. i, s. 78, and profile Map No. 1). The next to 

 this in Sumatra, are the dome of Telainan, which is only one of the 

 summits of Ophir (not 13,834, but only 9603 feet in height), and the 

 Merapi (according to Dr. Homer, 9571 feet) the most active of the 

 thirteen volcanoes of Sumatra, which, however, (Th. ii. s. 294, and 

 Juughuhn's Battalander, 1847, Th. i, s. 25) is not to be confounded, 

 from the similarity of the names, with two volcanoes of Java, the 

 celebrated Merapi, near Jogjakerta (9208 feet), and the Merapi, which 

 forms the eastern portion of the summit of the volcano Idjen (8595 

 feet). In the Merapi, it '.s thought that the holy name Meru is again 

 to be detected, combined with the Malay an and Javanese word a$i, fira 



