TRUE VOLCANOES. 363 



times by Krusenstern, Horner, Hofmann, Lenz, Liitke, 

 Postels, Captain Beechey, and above all by Adolph Erman. 

 The peninsula is intersected lengthwise by two parallel 

 mountain chains, in the most easterly of which the volcanoes 

 are accumulated. The loftiest of these attain a height of 

 from 11,190 to 15,773 feet. They lie in the following order 

 from south to north : 



The Opalinskian volcano (the Pic Koscheleff of Admiral 

 Krusenstern) lat. 51 21'. According to Captain Chwostow, 

 this mountain rises to the height of the Peak of Tenerifie, 

 and was extremely active at the close of the 18th century. 



The Hodutka Sopka (51 35'). Between this and the one 

 just noticed, there lies an unnamed volcanic cone (51 32'), 

 which, however, according to Postels, seems, like the Ho- 

 dutka, to be extinct. 



Poworotnaja Sopka (52 22'), according to Captain 

 Beechey, 7930 feet high (Erman's Eeise, t. iii, p. 253; 

 Leop. von Buch, Hes Can. p. 447). 



Assatschinskaja Sopka (52 2') ; great discharges of ashes, 

 particularly in the year 1828. 



The Wiljutschinsker volcano (52 52') ; according to 

 Captain Beechey 7373 feet, according to Admiral Liitke 

 6744 feet high. Distant only 20 geographical miles from 

 the harbour of Petropolowski on the north side of the Bay 

 of Torinsk. 



Awatschinskaja or Gorelaja Sopka (53 17'), according to 

 Erman, 8910 feet high ; first ascended during the expedition 

 of La Perouse in 1787 by Mongez andBernizet ; afterwards 

 by my dear friend and Siberian fellow-traveller, Ernst Hof- 

 mann (in July, 1824, during the circumnavigation of the 

 globe by Kotzebue ; by Postels and Lenz during the ex- 

 pedition of Admiral Liitke in 1828, and by Erman in 

 September 1829. The latter made the important geog- 

 nostic observation that the uphea\mg trachyte had pierced 

 through slate and grey-wacke (a silurian rock). The still 

 smoking volcano had a terrific eruption in October 1837, 

 there having previously been a slight one in April, 1828 

 (Postels in Lutke, Voyage, t. Bd. s, 67 84 ; Erman, Reise, 

 Hist. Eericht, Bd. iii, s. 494 and 534540). 



In the immediate neighbourhood of the Awatscha-vol- 

 cano (see page 248) lies the Koriatikaja or Strjeloschnaja 



