TRUE VOLCANOES. 373 



Strait of Saugar, or Tsugar, from Niphon, and by that of la 

 Perouse from the island of Krafto (Ksra-fu-to), bounds by 

 its north-east cape the Archipelago of the Kuriles ; but not 

 far from the North west Cape Komanzow on Jesso, which 

 stretches a degree and a half more northward in the strait 

 of La Perouse. lies, in latitude 45 11', the volcanic Pic de 

 Langle (5350 feet) on the little island of Bisiri. Jesso 

 itself seems also to be intersected by a range of volcanoes, 

 from Broughton's Southern Volcano Bay nearly all the way 

 to the North Cape, a circumstance the more remark- 

 able as, on the narrow island of Krafto which is almost 

 a continuation of Jesso, the naturalists of la Perouse's ex- 

 pedition found in the JBaie de Castries fields of red porous 

 lava and scoriae. On Jesso itself Siebold counted seventeen 

 conical mountains, the greater number of which appear to 

 be extinct volcanoes. The Kiaka, called by the Japanese 

 Usuga-Take, or Mortar-mountain, on account of a deeply- 

 nollowed crater, and the Kajo-hori are both said to be 

 still in a state of ignition. (Commodore Perry noticed 

 two volcanoes from Volcano Bay near the harbour of En- 

 derrno, lat. 42 17'). The lofty Man ye ( Krusenstem's 

 conical mountain Pallas) lies in the middle of the island of 

 Jesso, nearly in lat. 44, somewhat to the E.N.E. of Bay 

 Strogonow. 



" The historical books of Japan mention only six active 

 volcanoes before and since our era, namely, two on the island 

 of Niphon, and four on the island of Kiu-siu. The vol- 

 canoes of Kiu-siu, the nearest to the peninsula of Corea. 

 reckoning them in their geographical position from south to 

 north, are (1) the volcano of Mitake, on the islet of 

 Sayura-sima, in the bay of Kagosima (province of Satsuma), 

 which lies open to the south, lat. 3 1 33', long. 130 41'; 

 (2) the volcano Kirisima (lat. 31 45') in the district 

 of Naka, province of JFinga ; 3rd, the volcano A so jama, in 

 the district Aso (lat. 32 45'), province of Figo ; 4th, 

 the volcano of Yunzen, on the peninsula of Simabara (lat. 

 32 44'), in the district of Takaku. The height of this 

 volcano, amounts, according to a barometrical measurement, 

 only to 1253 metres, or 4110 English feet, so that it is 

 scarcely a hundred feet higher than Vesuvius (Rocca del 

 Palo). The most violent eruption of the volcano of Vunzen 



