376 COSMOS. 



Capellen, which separate the three great portions of the 

 Japanese empire, Kiusiu, Sikon, and Niphon. On the 

 latter, or principal island, nine such conical mountains, pro- 

 bably trachytic, are reckoned, the most remarkable of which 

 are, the Sira jama (or White Mountain) in the province of 

 Kaga, lat. 365', and the Tsyo Kai-san, in the province of 

 Deva (lat. 3910'), both of which are considered loftier than 

 the southerly volcano of Fusi jama, which is upwards of 

 12,360 feet high. Between these two, in the province of 

 Jetsigo, lies the Jaki jama (or Flame Mountain, lat. 3Go3'). 

 The two northernmost conical mountaims in the Saugar Strait, 

 in sight of the great island of Jesso, are, (1) The Ivaki 

 jama, called by Krusenstern, whose illustrations of the geo- 

 graphy of Japan have gained him immortal honour, the Pic 

 Tilesius (lat. 40 42') ; and (2) The Jake jama (the Burning 

 Mountain, lat. 41 20'), in Nambu, at the north-eastern ex- 

 tremity of Niphon, with igneous eruptions from the remotest 

 times." 



In the continental portion of the neighbouring peninsula 

 of Corea, or Korai (which, in the parallels of 34 and 

 34^, is almost united with Kiusiu by the islands Tsu sima 

 and Iki), notwithstanding its great similarity in form to the 

 peninsula of Kanitschatka, no volcanoes have hitherto been 

 discovered. The volcanic action seems to be confined to 

 the adjoining islands. Thus, in the year 1007, the island- 

 volcano of Tsininura, called by the Chinese, Tanlo, rose from 

 the sea. A learned Chinese, named Tien-kong-chi, was sent 

 to describe the phenomenon and to execute a picture of it. 63 

 But it is especially on the island of Se-he-sure (the Quel- 

 paerts of the Dutch) that the mountains exhibit everywhere 

 a volcanic conical form. The central mountain rises, ac- 

 cording to Broughfcon and La Perouse, to the height of 6395 

 feet. How many volcanic effects may there not yet remain 

 to be discovered in the Western Archipelago, where the 

 King of the Coreans styles himself the Sovereign of 10,000 

 Islands ! 



From the Pic Homer (Kaimon ga take) on the west side 

 of the southern extremity of the Kiusiu, in the Japanese 

 tri-insular empire, there stretches out in a curve which lies 



63 Compare the translations of Stanislas Julien from the Japanese 

 Encyclopaedia in my Asie Centrale, t. ii, p. 551. 



