380 COSMOS. 



Brooke mentions a much lower mountain in the province of 

 Sarawak, whose name, Gunung Api (Fire Mountain in the 

 Malay tongue) as well as the scorite which lie around it, 

 lead to the conclusion that it was once volcanically active. 

 Large deposits of gold- sand between quartz-veins, the abun- 

 dance of tin washed down on both shores of the rivers, and 

 the feldspathic porphyry 69 of the Carambo Mountains, indi- 

 cate a great extension of what are called primitive and 

 transition rocks. According to the only certain information 

 which we possess from a geologist (Dr. Ludwig Horner, 

 son of the meritorious Zurich astronomer and circumnavi- 

 gator of the globe), there are found in the south-eastern 

 portion of Borneo united in several profitably worked wash- 

 ings, precisely as in the Siberian Ural, gold, diamonds, plati- 

 num, osmium, and iridium (but not yet palladium). Forma- 

 tions of serpentine, euphotide, and syenite, lying in great 

 proximity, belong to a range of rocks 3411 feet high, that 

 of the Ratuhs Mountains. 70 



The still active volcanoes on the remaining three great 

 Sunda Islands are reckoned by Junghuhu as follows : On 

 Sumatra from six to seven, on Java from twenty to twenty- 

 three, on Celebes eleven, and on Flores six. Of the vol- 

 canoes of the island of J&va we have already (see above 

 page 298) treated in detail. In Sumatra, which has not 

 hitherto been completely investigated, out of nineteen con- 

 ical mountains of volcanic appearance there are six still 

 active. 71 Those ascertained to be so are the following : 

 The Gunung Indrapura, about 12,256 feet in height, accord- 

 ing to angles of altitude measured from the sea, and pro- 

 bably of equal height with the more accurately measured 

 Semeru or Maha-Meru on Java; the Gunung Pasaman, 

 called also Ophir (9602 feet), with a nearly extinguished 

 crater, ascended by Dr. L. Horner ; the sulphureous Gun- 

 ung Salasi, with eruptions of ashes in 1833 and 1845 ; 

 the Gunung Merapi (9751 feet), also ascended by Dr. L. 

 Horner, accompanied by Dr. Korthal, in the year 1834, the 



69 Brooke's Borneo and Celebes, vol. ii, pp. 382, 384, aad 386. 



70 Homer, in the Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap 

 vcm Kunsten en Wetensckappen, Deel xvii (1839), s. 281 ; Asie Centrale, 

 t. iii, pp. 534537. 



71 Junghuhn, Java, Bd. ii, e. 809 ; (Battalander, Bd. i, s. 39). 



