TRUE VOLCANOES. 3&1 



active of all the volcanoes of Sumatra, tind not to be 

 confounded with the two similarly named mountains of 

 Java ; 72 the Chiming Ipu, a smoking truncated cone ; and 

 the Gunung Dernpo, in the inland country of Benkula, 

 reckoned at 9940 feet high. 



Four islets forming trachytic cones, of which the Pic Kecata 

 and Panahitam (Prince's Island) are the highest, rise above 

 the sea in the Strait of Sunda, and connect the volcanic range 

 of Sumatra with the crowded field of Java, and in like man- 

 ner the eastern extremity of Java, with its volcano of Idjen, 

 forms, through the medium of the active volcanoes Gunung 

 Batur and Gunung Agung on the neighbouring island of 

 Bali, a connection with the long chain of the smaller Sunda 

 Islands. Here again the range is continued eastward from 

 Bali, by the smoking volcano of Rindjani on the island of 

 Lombok, 12.363 feet high, according to the trigonometrical 

 measurement of M. Melville de Carnbee ; by the Temboro 

 (5862 feet) on the Sumbava, or Sambava, whose eruption of 

 ashes and pumice in April, 1815, obscured the surrounding 

 atmosphere, and was one of the greatest which history has 

 recorded; 73 and by six conical mountains still partially 

 smoking, on Flores 



The large and many armed island of Celebes contains six 

 volcanoes, which are not yet all extinct ; they lie all together 

 on the narrow north-eastern peninsula of Menado. Beside 

 it spout out streams of hot melted sulphur, into the orifice 

 of one of which, near the road from Sender to Lamovang, a 

 great traveller and intrepid observer, Count Carlo Vidua, 

 my Piedmontese friend, sank and met his death from the 

 burns he received. As the small island of Banda in the 

 Moluccas consists of the volcano of Guning Api, which was 

 active from 1586 to 1824, and is about 1812 feet high, in 

 the same way the larger island of Ternate is likewise formed 

 by a single conical mountain, 5756 feet high, the Gunung 

 Gama Lama, whose violent eruptions from 1838 to 1849, 

 after more than a century and a half of entire quiescence are 

 described at ten different periods. During the eruption of 

 the 3rd February, 1840, according to Junghuhn, a stream of 

 lava poured out of a fissure near the fort of Toluko, and 



72 See page 300, note 86. Java, Bd. ii, B. 818828. 



