S82 COSMOS. 



flowed down to the shore, 74 " partly issuing in the form of 

 a connected and thoroughly molten stream, and partly 

 consisting of glowing fragments which rolled down and were 

 forced along the plain by the weight of the succeeding 

 masses." If to the more important volcanic cones here in- 

 dividually mentioned we add the numerous small island vol- 

 canoes which cannot be here noticed, the total number of 

 the igneous mountains situated to the southward of the 

 parallel of Cape Serangami on Mindanao, one of the Philip- 

 pines, and between the meridians of the north-west Cape of 

 New Guinea on the east and of the Nicobar and Andaman 

 groups on the west, amounts, as has been already stated, to 

 the large number of 109. 76 This calculation is made in the 

 belief that *' on Java forty-five volcanoes, for the most part 

 cone-shaped, and provided with craters, may be counted." 

 Of these, however, only 21, and only from 42 to 45, 

 of the whole number of 109, are recognized as now active, 

 or as having been so, at any period within the reach of 

 history. The mighty Pic of Timor formerly served like 

 Stromboli as a light-house to mariners. On the small island 

 of Pulu Batu (called also P. Komba), a little to the north 

 of Floris, a volcano was seen in 1850 to pour a stream of 

 glowing lava down to the sea-shore. The same thing was 

 observed in 1812, and again in the spring of 1856, in 

 respect to the Pic on the greater Sangir Island, between 

 Magindanao and Celebes. Junghuhn doubts whether the 

 famous conical mountain of Yavani or Ateti, on Amboina, 

 ejected anything more than hot mud in 1674, and considers 

 the island at present as only a solfatara. The great group 

 of the South Asiatic Islands is connected by the division of 

 the Western Sunda Islands with the Nicobar and Andaman, 

 Isles of the Indian Ocean, and by the division of the Mo- 

 luccas and Philippines with the Papuas, the Pellew Islands 

 and Carolinas of the South Sea. We shall first, however, 

 proceed with the less numerous and more dispersed groups 

 of the Indian Ocean. 



VII. THE INDIAN OCEAN. 



This comprehends the space between the west coast of 

 Junghuhn's Java, vol. ii, pp. 840842. ? 5 Ibid, p. 853. 



