412 COSMOS. 



beautifully delineated by Fremont, James' Peak (11,434 feet), 

 and the three Park Mountains, all of which enclose three 

 deep valleys, the lateral walls of which rise up, along with 

 the eastern Long's Peak, or Big Horn, to a height of 9060 

 and 11,191 feet. 17 On the eastern boundary, between 

 Middle and North Park, the mountain chain all at once 

 changes its direction and runs from lat. 40|- to 44 for a 

 distance of about 260 geographical miles from south-east to 

 north-west. In this intermediate space lie the south Pass 

 (7490 feet), and the famous Wind Biver Mountains, so 

 singularly sharp pointed, together with Fremont's Peak 

 (lat. 43 8'), which reaches the height of 13,567 feet. In 

 the parallel of 44, in the neighbourhood of the Three 

 Tetons. where the north-westerly direction ceases, the meri- 

 dian direction of the Hocky Mountains begins again, and 

 continues about as far as Lewis and Clarke's Pass, which 

 lies in lat. 47 2' and long. 112 9' 30/' Even at this point, 

 the chain of the Rocky Mountains maintains a considerable 

 height (5977 feet), but from the many deep river-beds in 

 the direction of Flathead River (Clarke's Fork), it soon 



tf Frdmont, Explor. Exped. pp. 281 288. Pike's Peak, lat. 38 50', 

 delineated, at p. 114; Long's Peak, 40 15'; ascent of Fremont's Peak 

 (13,570 feet) p. 70. The Wind River Mountains take their name from 

 the source of a tributary to the Big Horn River, whose waters unite 

 with those of the Yellow Stone River, which falls into the Upper Mis- 

 souri (lat. 47 58', long. 103 6' 30"). See the delineations of the Alpine 

 range, rich in mica-slate and granite, pp. 66 and 70. I have in all cases 

 retained the English names given by the North American Geographers, 

 as- their translation into a pure German nomenclature has often proved 

 a rich source of confusion. To help the comparison of the direction 

 and length of the meridian-chain of the Ural, which, according to the 

 careful investigations of my friend and travelling companion, Colonel 

 Ernst Hofmann, takes a curve at the northern extremity towards the 

 east, and which, from the Truchmenian Mountain Airuk-Tagh (48f ) 

 to the Sablja Mountains (65), is fully 1020 geographical miles in length, 

 with those of the Rocky Mountains, I would here remind the reader 

 that the latter chain runs, between the parallels of Pike's Peak and 

 Lewis and Clarke's Pass, from 105 9' 30" into 112 y' BO" of longitude. 

 The chain of the Ural which, within the same space of 17 degrees of 

 latitude, deviates little from the meridian of 59 0' 30", likewise changes 

 its direction under the parallel of 65, and attains, under lat, 67^ the 

 meridian of 66 5' 30". Compare Ernst Hofmann, der nordlicke Ural 

 und das Kustengebirge Pac-Ckoi, 1856, s. 191 and 297305, with 

 Humboldt, Asie centrale (1843) t. i. p. 447. 



