294 APPENDIX BY THE 



England, is found quite harmless, and is regularly used as 

 food. 



The following directions have been given in avoiding 

 poisonous mushrooms ; all those possessing either of the 

 characteristics mentioned being dangerous : 



1. Such as have a cap very thin compared with the 

 gills. 



2. Such as have the stalk growing from one side of the 

 cap. 



3. Those in which the gills are of equal length. 



4. Such as have a milky juice. 



6. Those that readily produce a dark, watery liquid. 



6. All those that have a thin, web-like substance wound 

 about the superior portion, or collar of the stalk. 



As yet little has been printed regarding our American 

 Agarics, while those of Europe have been very closely 

 studied by many scientific men, who have published the 

 result of their investigations. The following is a list of 

 those mentioned by Mr. Knapp in the volume before the 

 reader: agaricus jimiputris; a. (Kruginosus ; a. odorus; a. 

 fragrans; a. varius; a. oreades; a. georgii or arvensis; 

 a. surrectus; a. caseus, (or infundibuliformis;) a. campes- 

 tns; a. pratensis; a. muscarius; hydnum floriforme, or h. 

 compactum; helvella mitra, (or h. crispaj) lycoperdon cine- 

 reum, or didynium cinereum; 1. fornicatum, or geaster for- 

 nicatus; I. stellatum, or g. hygrometicus ; morchella escu- 

 lenta; phallus impudicus; clavaria hypoxylon. 



These Agarics are all found in the United States, with 

 the exception of two species, a. varius, and a. surrectus, 

 considered as yet unrecognized. A. georgii, is regarded 

 as a variety only of a. arvensis. 



The esculent morell, morchella esculenta, noted by Mr. 

 Knapp as very rare in his own neighborhood, is widely 

 diffused throughout the United States. In some parts of 



