ON ANIMAL LIFE. 673 



LECT. LVIIL ADDITIONAL AUTHORITIES. 



A FEW OF THE MORE IMPORTANT WORKS ONLY ARE GIVEN. 



Botany in general. Smith's Introduction, 1807, &c. Decandolle, Theorie Elem. 

 de la Bot. 1819. Link, Elementa Philos. Bot. Berol. 1824. Lindley's Introduc- 

 tion, 1835. Henslow's, 12mo, 1836. Achille Richard, Nouv. Elem. de la Bo- 

 tanique. 



Vegetable Physiology. Willoughby, Ph. Tr. 1669, p. 963 ; 1670, p, 1165 



Malpighius, Anatome Plantarum, fol. Lond. 1675-9. Grew on the Anatomy of 

 Veget. 12mo, 1671, fol. 1682. Hales, Vegetable Staticks, 1727. Duhamel, Phy- 

 sique des Arb res, 2 vols. 4to, Paris, 1758. Hedwig, Descrip. Muscorum, fol. Leipz. 



1792 and other works. Darwin's Phytologia 4to, Lond. 1800. Senebier, 



Physiologic Vegetale, 5 vols. Geneve, 1801. Saint-Hilaire, Mem. sur les Plantes 

 auxquelles on attribue un Placenta Central Libre, 4to, Paris, 1816. A. Brogniart, 

 Turpin, and other writers in the Annales des Sciences Naturelles ; Du Petit-Thouars, 

 Cours de Phytologie. Dutrochet, Recherches sur la Structure intime des Vegdtaux, 

 Paris, 1824. L' Agent du Mouvement Devoile", 1826. Nouvelles Recherches sur 

 1'Endosmose et 1'Exosmose, 1828. Cassini, Opuscules Phytologiques, 2 vols. Paris, 

 1826. Decandolle, Organographie Vegetale, 2 vols. Paris, 1827. Cours de Bota- 

 nique, 3 vols. 1832. Brown's Microscopic Obs. 1829, and various other works. 

 Slack, Trans, of the Soc. of Arts, vol. xlix. Viviani, Organi Elementari delle 

 Piante, Geneva, 1831. Roget's Animal and Vegetable Physiology, 2 vols. 1834. 

 Liebig's Agricultural Chemistry, 8vo. 1843. 



Systematic Botany. Ray, Historia Generalis Plantarum, fol. Lond. 1686-8. 

 Tournefort's History of Plants (trans, by Martyn), 2 vols. 1732. Linnaeus Genera 

 Plantarum, var. ed. Jussieu's Natural System, Hist, et Mem. 1773, p. 214, H. 34 ; 

 1774, 1775 : Genera Plant. Turici, 1791. English Botany, or Coloured Figures of 



British Plants, by Sowerby, 35 vols. Lond. 1790 Withering's British Plants 



(Linnsean), 4 vols. 1796. Decandolle, Regni Vegetabilis Systema Naturale, 1818- 

 21, &c. Smith's English Flor. (Linmean), 4 vols. 1824-8. Vol. v. Crypogamia, by 

 Hooker. Hooker's British Flora (Linnaean), 1836 ; (Natural) 1844. Lindley's 

 Synopsis (Nat.) 12mo, 1835. Loudon's Encyclopaedia of Plants. 



LECTURE LIX. 



ON ANIMAL LIFE. 



THE functions of animal life are not only more complicated in the same 

 individual than those of vegetation, but also more diversified in the different 

 classes into which animals are divided ; so that the physiology of each 

 class has its peculiar laws. We are indebted to Linne for the first enlarge- 

 ment of our views of the different classes of animals, and perhaps for the 

 most convenient arrangement of the animal kingdom; although his 

 method has never been universally adopted by our neighbours on the con- 

 tinent. 



A considerable portion of the bulk of all animals is composed of tubular 

 vessels, which originate in a heart ; the heart propels through the arteries, 

 with the assistance of their own muscular powers, either a colourless 

 transparent fluid, or a red blood, into the extremities of the veins ; through 

 which i* again returns to the origin of its motion. Both insects, and 

 vermes, or worms, have their circulating fluids a little warmer than the 

 surrounding medium, and generally colourless ; hut insects have legs fur- 



