318 



ELEMENTS OF AGRICULTURE 



11. When a horse starts after standing, what foot does he put 

 forward first? What foot moves next? When he trots, do the feet 

 on the same side move together, or do lefts and rights go together? 

 What is the order in pacing? 



12. What is meant by "forging" or "over-reaching"? 



13. What does it mean to say that a horse is 16 hands? 



14. Why do low-wheeled wagons pull harder than high-wheeled 

 ones ? Under what conditions are low wheels desirable ? When ar 

 high wheels preferable? 



15. Why does a plow draw easier when the tugs are short? 



LABORATORY EXERCISES 



69. Age of Horses. 



Practice telling the age of horses by their teeth, page 308. 



70. Proportions of the Horse. 



Materials. Two or more horses. Measure, prepared as follows: 

 A piece of board 18 inches long and two inches wide is nailed 

 at right angles to a similar piece four feet long. Mark off the long 

 piece in one-inch lengths, beginning at the inside. Strap an ordinary 

 carpenter's square so that it moves freely on the stick. (Fig. 161.) 



Take the following measurements of two or more horses (see Fig. 

 162 for method of measuring): 



Names of Horses 



1. Length of head, from tip of lips to top of 



poll (a-6) 



2. Length of the neck, from top of withers to 



poll (a-c) 



3. Height of the shoulder, from the top of the 



withers to the point of the elbow (c-rf) .... 



4. Depth of the body, from the middle of the 



abdomen to the middle of the back (/-</). . 



5. Width of the body, from one side to the other. . 



6. Length of the body, from point of elbow to 



buttock (d-k) 



7. Height at withers (c to ground) 



8. Height at rump (h to ground) 



9. "Daylight" under body (m to ground) 



